h o m e

a r y a n    i n v a s i o n    t h e o r y

c o n t e n t s

"In the days when historian supposed that history had begun with Greece, Europe gladly believed that India has been a hotbed of barbarism. In 1924 the world of scholarship was again roused by news from India. Sir John Marshall announced that he had discovered at Mohenjo-daro, on the western bank of the lower Indus, remains of what seemed to be an older civilization than any yet know to historians. The indications are that Mohenjo-daro was at its height when Cheops built the first great pyramid; that it had commercial, religious, and artistic connections with Sumeria, and Babylonia. It survived over 3000 years, until the third century before Christ." (source: "The Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage - By Will Durant ISBN 1567310125 p 394-396).

Since the nineteenth century, India's ancient history from Vedic times and the true content of the Veda have both been distorted by a blinkered and unsympathetic scholarship. British rulers, European scholars and missionaries combined in a campaign to disparage the roots of Indian civilization, and used the wholly groundless Aryan Invasion theory to sow seeds of division in the Indian society - "divide and rule," but also "divide and convert." The same fallacies continue to be promoted today. Unfortunately, many of the wounds the Aryan invasion theory inflicted on Indian society are still painfully open today, nurtured as they have been by missionaries, Marxist historians and politicians, who together have made sure that divisions between castes have been sharpening rather than subsiding - for the simple reason that without such divisions they would all be out of business. Today, it is necessary to examines the birth of the Aryan myth, and the misuses it has bred; it then gives a fresh look at the invasion theory in the light of recent scientific evidence, and shows how it now stands overwhelmingly disproved. (source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar p. 26). 

Sardar Kavalam Madhava Panikkar (1896-1963) Indian scholar, journalist, historian from Kerala, administrator, diplomat, Minister in Patiala Bikaner and Ambassador to China, Egypt and France. He was the author of Asia and Western Dominance and has written in his book, 'A Survey of Indian History’ (1954):

‘One thing, however, is certain and can no longer be contested—civilization did not come to India with the Aryans. This doctrine of the Aryan origin of Indian civilization which finds no support in Indian Literature which does not consider the Dasyus (Dravidians) as uncivilized, is the result of the theories of Indo-Germanic scholars who held that everything valuable in the world originated from the Aryans. Not only is Indian civilization pre-Vedic, but the essential features of Hindu religion as we know it today were perhaps present in Mohenjo-Daro."

It is gratifying to note that people like Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghosh and Dadabhai Naoroji did not have appetite for racial theories, because, as Naoroji put it, they were unrealistic and often used to prove the inferiority of Asians. Only one among our great political leaders saw through the hollowness of the Aryan theory. B R Ambedkar who observed: “That the theory of the Aryan race set up by Western writers fails to the ground at every point goes without saying….Anyone who comes to scrutinize the theory will find that it suffers from a ‘double infection.’ He could clearly see the implications of such ill-founded hypotheses which colonial Indology imposed on India and which Indian scholars went on repeating ad nauseam.

Introduction
Oriental Renaissance
Motives of the British East India Company 
Implication of Aryan Invasion Theory
Voices of dissent
Indian protests
Challenging the infallible façade of Western scholarship
Indological MacCarthyism  
Race, Religion and Philology in the 19^th Century 
Colonial Indology - Acceptance of A Racist Theory

The rest of the chapter continues -  Aryan Invasion Theory II

***

For more information, please read the articles at the link listed below:
Articles on Aryan invasion theory

Introduction

"History is the propaganda of the victors" -  Ernest Toller (1893 - 1937) playwright.

***

"Archaeology has been used as a tool for intellectually dominating the subjugated nations and minorities. During the colonial period the history of the colonized nations was perceived in such a way as to relegate them in various ways to the static backwaters of human development. In this sense the interpretation of the archaeological data from these nations or colonized areas was the direct handmaiden of the political reality of the period. This plank was laid down at the height of Western political hegemony over India, and the fact that this still has been left in its place speaks a volume for the post-1947 pattern of the retention of Western dominance in various forms."

         -  Dilip K Chakrabarti - archaeologist, historian and author of Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Past

Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (1880 – 1936) was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West in which he puts forth a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations.

Spengler observed this about Eurocentrism:

“The Western European area is regarded as a fixed pole, a unique patch chosen on the surface of the sphere for no better reason, it seems, than because we live on it – and great histories of millennial duration and mighty faraway Cultures are made to revolve around this pole in all modesty. It is a quaintly conceived system of sun and planets. We select a single bit of ground as the natural center of the historical system, and make it the central sun. From it all the events of history receive their real light; from it their importance is judged in perspective.”

Sir (Dr) Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) was one of the most profound philosophers of this century, author and educationalist. In 1926, he was deputed by Calcutta University as the university delegate to the Congress of the Universities of the British Empire. He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1940, first Indian to be thus honored. He succinctly said: 

“The West tried its best to persuade India that its philosophy is absurd, its art puerile, its poetry uninspired, its religion grotesque and its ethics barbarous”.

(source: The Decline of the West - By Oswald Spengler  p. 13 and Contending paradigms of Indian history: Did India lack historical agency? - By Shivaji Singh). 

Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee

The colonial era of Indian history was an era of historical myth-making. Innumerable myths were created and propagated to falsify history with a view to change Indian psyche and denationalize Indian identity.

"In the days when historian supposed that history had begun with Greece, Europe gladly believed that India has been a hotbed of barbarism. 

In 1924 the world of scholarship was again roused by news from India. Sir John Marshall announced that he had discovered at Mohenjo-daro, on the western bank of the lower Indus, remains of what seemed to be an older civilization than any yet know to historians. The indications are that Mohenjo-daro was at its height when Cheops built the first great pyramid; that it had commercial, religious, and artistic connections with Sumeria, and Babylonia. It survived over 3000 years, until the third century before Christ." 

(source: "The Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage - By Will Durant ISBN 1567310125 p 394-396).

The first point to note is that the idea of the Aryans as foreigners who invaded India and destroyed the existing Harappan Civilization is a modern European invention; it receives no support whatsoever from Indian records - literary or archaeological. 

The same is true of the notion of the Aryans as a race; it finds no support in Indian literature or tradition. (And genetics demolishes it.) The word 'Arya' in Sanskrit means noble and never a race. In fact, the authoritative Sanskrit lexicon (c. 450 AD), the famous Amarakosha gives the following definition:         

mahakula kulinarya sabhya sajjana sadhavah .

 Statue of a Serene Lord Vishnu.

An Arya is one who hails from a noble family, of gentle behavior and demeanor, good-natured and of righteous conduct.

Aryan Invasion theory has no support whatsoever from Indian records - literary or archaeological. In this Imperial history, India is portrayed as the land “conquered” first by the ‘Dravidians’, then by the ‘Aryans’, later by Muslims, and finally by the British. Otherwise, everything else is mythical. Our history books today exhibit this obsession with foreign rule. 

Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge and refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com. Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

***

An Arya is one who hails from a noble family, of gentle behavior and demeanor, good-natured and of righteous conduct. And the great epic Ramayana has a singularly eloquent expression describing Rama as:         

arya sarva samascaiva sadaiva priyadarsanah  - Arya, who worked for the equality of all and was dear to everyone. The Rig Veda also uses the word Arya something like thirty six times, but never to mean a race. The nearest to a definition that one can find in the Rigveda is probably:    

praja arya jyotiragrah ... 

Children of Arya are led by light  - Rig Veda VII. 33.17.

Thus, the modern notion of an Aryan-Dravidian racial divide is contradicted by ancient records. We have it on the authority of Manu that the Dravidians were also part of the Aryan fold. Interestingly, so were the Chinese. Race never had anything to do with it until the Europeans adopted the ancient word to give expression to their nationalistic and other aspirations.

Please refer to Naimisha Journal for interesting articles on Aryan Invasion Theory). 

Sir Aurobindo (1872-1950) most original philosopher of modern India. He has said: "It distresses us to see Indian inquirers with their great opportunities simply following in the path of certain European scholars, accepting and adding to their unstable fantasies, their huge superstructures founded on weak and scattered evidence and their imaginative "history of our prehistoric ages." 

(source: India's Rebirth - Sri Aurobindo  p. 110-111). 

The term 'aryan' has never been used in a racial sense anywhere in the vast compendium of Hindu literature. In the whole of the Rig Veda the word arya occurs no more than four times. It stands for whatever is regarded as eminent and ennobling. The term was used in a racial sense for the first time by Western historians who cooked up the theory of an Aryan invasion of India around 1500 B.C. They also popularized in a racial sense, the term Dravidian which had earlier had only a linguistic connotation.

(source: Story of Islamic Imperialism in India - By Sita Ram Goel Voice of India ISBN : 81-85990-23-9  p. 8).

It is not a wise or correct view that the Hindus had no historical sense. When they excelled in many difficult sciences and arts, it cannot be that they were deficient in the comparatively crude and primitive art of keeping chronicles, in which much lesser peoples have excelled. 

Colonel Jame Tod (1782-1835) author of Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan: or the Central and Western Rajput States of India  ISBN 8120612892 says well:

"If we consider the political changes and convulsions which have happened in Hinduism since Mahmud's invasion and the intolerant bigotry of many of his successors, we shall be able to account for the paucity of its national works on history, without being driven to the conclusion, that the Hindus were ignorant of an art which was cultivated in other countries from almost the earliest ages. Is it to be imagined that a nation so highly civilized as the Hindus, amongst whom the exact sciences flourished in perfection, by whom the fine arts, architecture, sculpture, poetry and music were not only cultivated but taught and defined by the nicest and most elaborate rules, were totally unacquainted with the simple art of recording the events of their history, the chapters of their princes and the acts of their reigns?"

Though it is often said glibly that India has never had any historical instinct and that she has never kept any record of her achievements, such a view is incorrect.

The fact seems to be that the so-called Dravidians and the so-called Aryans were indigenous people in India and that the theory of their immigration and incursion into India is a figment of occidental scholarship.

In Tamil words Dravida is said to be the name of the Southern portion of India from Tiruvenkatam (Tirupati) to Kumari (Cape Comorin). The ancient Tamil works speak of a flood which destroyed the land south of the Kumari. The term Pancha Dravidas include the Tamils, the Telegus, the Karnatahas, the Maharastrians, and the Gurjaras, just as the term Pancha Gowdas include the people of the north of the Vindhyas. Thus the term Dravidas relates to a tract of land and not to a race.

The theory of the Aryan immigration into India from somewhere has been so often repeated by the western savants that it has become an article of faith even with the Indian scholars! But the Vedas refer to the Himalayas as the Uttara Giri i.e. the northern border and and contain no hints of an Aryan immigration into India from abroad.

(source: Indian Culture and the Modern Age - By Dewan Bahadur K. S. Ramaswami Sastri  Annamalai University. 1956 p. 46-51).

Several eminent personalities including Swami Vivekanand, Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore and  Shri Aurobindo  firmly believed that Aryans were homegrown, born and brought up in India.  Many chose to dismiss those views simply as irrational, inspirational or ultra-nationalistic. Yet, the archeological finds being uncovered presently, year after year, supported by continuing historical & scholarly research seem to prove that Swami Vivekanand, Rabindranath Tagore and  Shri Aurobindo, and many learned personalities were correct to raise pointed questions against the Aryan Invasion Theory.   

The theory of the Aryan immigration into India from somewhere has been so often repeated by the Western savants that it has become an article of faith even with the Indian scholars!

If there were similarities in certain features of Indian people and people from Central Europe, then automatic inference drawn was that the Aryans coming from Europe invaded India and settled here. No one dared of thinking in any other way. Therefore, there is urgency for the historians and all other intellectuals to stop reducing Indian history to myth. There is need to gather, dig out, search, unearth and analyze all the evidences, which would throw more light on ancient Indian civilization and culture.

Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge
Watch The Saraswati River - youtube.com and Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee. Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com. Refer to Ram was for real – By  Saroj Bala The Pioneer October 12, 2003

***

The British, in presenting the Aryan Invasion Theory offered no proof. They did not need to. Hundreds of Indian historians rushed forward to earn their doctorates, promotions, patronage and government-aided jobs and positions for supporting the British theory of Aryan Invasion of India.  Their Proof?  Largely quoting those very hundreds of articles and books –and asking - how could so many learned books and serious articles by countless British and Indian historians be wrong! 

Some did murmur that the British-created Myth was aimed at proving to the Indians that they have always been ruled by foreigners, being incapable of ruling themselves and that it was always the foreign invader, like the Aryans (and in later times, other foreigners and finally, the British), who brought progress and enlightenment – and therefore never must Indians aspire for self-rule unless the intention is to bring back darkness, decadence and ruin on themselves. 

(source: Return of the Aryans - By Bhagwan S Gidwani - Book reviewed by Prof. Jagjit Mirchand).Refer to chapters on First Indologists and European Imperialism.

Top of Page

Oriental Renaissance

In the 18th century, India was regarded as the origin of civilization, by thinkers like Voltaire and Schlegel. 

Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet (1694-1774) France's greatest writer and philosopher wrote: 

" I am convinced that everything has come down to us from the banks of the Ganges, - astronomy, astrology, metempsychosis, etc." " It is very important to note that some 2,500 years ago at the least Pythagoras went from Samos to the Ganges to learn geometry...But he would certainly not have undertaken such a strange journey had the reputation of the Brahmins' science not been long established in Europe..."

Friedrich von Schlegel (1772-1829) German philosopher, critic, and writer, declared in 1803: 

"Everything without exception is of Indian origin.." "whether directly or indirectly, all nations are originally nothing but Indian colonies."  

(source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar  p. 12 - 13 and 90 - 91).

Refer to Voltaire, Lettres sur l'origine des sciences et sur celle des peuples de l'Asia (first published Paris, 1777), letter of 15 December 1775. and Voltaire, Fragments historiques sur l'linde, p. 444 - 445.

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org and refer to chapter on Survarnabhumi and Sacred Angkor

Count Magnus Fredrik Ferdinand Bjornstjerna (1779-1847) author of Die Theogonie, Philosophie und Kosmogonie der Hindus says:

"It is there in (Aryavarta) we must seek not only for the cradle of the Brahmin religion but for the cradle of the high civilization of the Hindus, which gradually extended itself in the west to Ethiopia, to Egypt, to Phoenicia; in the East to Siam, to China and Japan; in the South to Ceylon, to Java and to Sumatra; in the North to Persia, to Chaldea, and to Colchis, whence it came to Greece and to Rome and at length to the distant abode of the Hyperboreons."

Five years later, Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) aide-de-camp to George Washington and first secretary of the Treasury, epitomized this attitude in these words: 

"When we read in the valuable production of those great Oriental scholars...those of a Jones, a Wilkings, a Colebrooke, or a Halhed - we uniformly discover in the Hindus a nation, whose polished manners are the result of a mild disposition and an extensive benevolence."

Frederick Eden Pargiter (1852-1927) in his well-known work Ancient Indian Historical Tradition says that the Aryan civilization is the civilization of the Aila or Lunar race which lived in Ilavrita in mid-Himalayas: that the Vedic culture reflects a blend of both Aryan and Dravidian and that the Aryan civilization did not come from beyond; and that it spread to Afghanistan and Persia and further west from India.

(source: Indian Culture and the Modern Age - By Dewan Bahadur K. S. Ramaswami Sastri  Annamalai University. 1956 p.39).

Theodor Benfey (1809-1881), a German linguist, was of the opinion that India is the origin of ancient civilization that spread to Europe along with its language and the religious stories. 

Benfey's fame rests on his Pantschantantra, Fuenf Buecher indischer Fabeln, Maerchen und Erzaehlungen. ("Pancatantra, five books of Indian fables, fairy tales and stories), 1859. In the Introduction he showed that many Oriental and Occidental fairy tales are of Indian origin. He traced their route to the West: they were firs translated into Pahlevi, then into Arabic to be later rendered into Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Latin and German. 

According to Benfey, the Pancatantra is a nitishastra, a book on statesmanship for kings and ministers. He concludes the introduction by saying "my research in the field of fables, fairy stories and tales of Orient and Occident have convinced me that not few fables, but a large number of fairy tales and stories, was spread from India all over the world." 

(source: German Indologists: Biographies of Scholars in Indian Studies writing in German - By Valentine Stache-Rosen p.32 - 33).

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org.

Historian Thomas R. Trautmann explains, its proponents hoped that "the study of Sanskrit and Indian antiquities would bring a second renaissance to the West, as the study of Greek learning had been the foundation of the first Renaissance." 

The French scholar Maurice Olender agrees: "Hebrew, whose centrality had been challenged for some time, finally gave way to Sanskrit," and, for a time, Sanskrit texts "with an air of eternity about them came to supplant the Bible." Well, almost. 

***

However, this generous estimate of Indian civilization and its possible contribution to the West started changing as Britain's hold over India grew more firm and widespread. While most 18th century European travelers to India described her as "flourishing," less than a century later she had sunk into depths of dismal misery. The Mahabharata has this pregnant image: "If spent ceaselessly even the Himalayas would be exhausted." The British were anxious to clothe their greed in lofty ideals" the "white man's burden" of civilizing (and, naturally, Christianizing) less enlightened races, the "divinely ordained mission" of bringing to India the glory of Europe's commercial and industrial civilization, and so forth. 

As Thomas R. Trautmann American historian, puts it: 

"Evangelical influence drove British policy down a path that tended to minimize and denigrate the accomplishments of Indian civilization and to position itself as the negation of the (earlier) British Indomania" that was nourished by belief in Indian wisdom."

(Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com).

That is how the short-lived "Indomania" gave way to what the French scholar Raymond Schwab called "British Indophobia." Sadly, but mistakenly, most of Europe's Sanskrit scholars were now certain that these translations would "carry their own condemnation." The British could even less accept that they owed their language and civilization to a benighted India - that would have been dealing a blow to the very foundation of Europe's mission in India, and particularly to the British Empire now at the height of its glory. Thus, the Rig-Veda was seen as "rather Indo-European than Hindu, and representing the condition of the Aryans before their final settlement in India." 

Never mind that all this was mere conjecture, that the Rig-Veda itself made it clear that the wars between Aryans and Dasyus, were battles between powers of light and darkness, that the word "Arya" was plainly used in the Veda to describe not a racial group, but a quality of being and a culture, a dedication to the truth and readiness to fight for it - all this was simply brushed aside, and whole edifice was promptly erected on these non-existent foundations. 

This theory was used to cut down the Indian's pride in his past and nation - since India was no longer the source of Indian civilization - and make him all the more willing to accept the white man's rule: now that the Hindus were shown to be descendants of former invaders who belonged to the same "Aryan race" as the Europeans' ancestors, it was easier to legitimize Britain's conquest of India as merely as one more "Aryan wave" which, this time would bring true light to the subcontinent. John Wilson, a leading Christian missionary of the time, declared in all seriousness in 1858, and naturally this happy family reunion had now brought India into contact "with the most enlightened and philanthropic nation in the world." 

Lord Derby, then Secretary of State for India, declared that the scholars who had discovered and proved the close relationship between Sanskrit and English, had rendered more valuable service to the (colonial) Government of India than many a regiment." 

Sir William Wilson Hunter 1840-1900)  He was educated at Glasgow University (B.A. s86o), Paris and Bonn, acquiring a knowledge of Sanscrit, and passing first in the final examination for the Indian Civil Service in 1862. Author of  A Brief History of the Indian Peoples and editor of Imperial Gazetteer of India.wrote in 1868: 

"The aboriginals would be a good target group for conversion to Christianity. They have yet to start on the path of progress. It remains for us to decide whether the path is to lead them to Hinduism, or the purer faith and civilization which we represent." 

(source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar).

Thomas R Trautmann author of Aryans and British India (1997) and The Aryan Debate in India, points out that the racial theory of Indian civilization is the product of the late 19^th century, when the relations between whites and other ethnic groups in the Anglo-Saxon world were being reconfigured with ideological support from a spate of racial essentialism. 

Trautmann concludes: “That the racial theory of Indian civilization still lingers is a miracle of faith. Is it not time we did away with it.” (215).

(source: The Quest for the Origin of Vedic Culture - By Edwin F Bryant  p. 51 – 62).

History as a Colonial Tool

“For Western historians anything that is pre-Christian has to have been heathen, barbaric, godless or pagan, and traced back to Greek or Rome. Thus, their religious loyalties stunt their intellectual horizons." 

- Stephen Knapp, author of Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence p. 272.

***

(image source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino/Sujata Nahar p. 44).

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge and Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

Refer to Defaming of Hinduism-I – By V Sundaram – newstodaynet.com and Defaming of Hinduism-II – By V Sundaram – newstodaynet.com. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser and  Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com  Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com

For more on Christian Intolerance refer to chapters on The Goa Inquisition, European Imperialism, Conversion, and First Indologists. Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee. 

***

Henri Cordier (1849 - 1925) French scholar quoted in The Adventures of Ibn Battuta

“Westerners have singularly narrowed the history of the world in grouping the little that they know about the expansion of the human race around the peoples of Israel, Greece and Rome. Thus have they ignored all those travelers and explorers who in their ships ploughed the China Sea and the Indian Ocean, or rode the immensities of Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. 

In truth the larger part of the globe, containing cultures different from those of the ancient Greeks and Romans but no less civilized, has remained unknown to those who wrote the history of their little world under the impression that they were writing world history."

The Alleged Massacre at Mohenjo-daro
This was the second major distortion

One of the major props for this theory has been the ”massacre at Mohenjo-daro.” According to this “theory,” the Aryans supposedly came riding on their horses swinging their iron swords and masssacred the hapless “Dravidian” inhabitants of Mohenjo-daro (the ancient city of Indus Valley Civilisation). 

How do we know there was a massacre? 

Because, we are told, many skeletons have been found at this ancient site which conclusively prove the Aryan invasion. B .B. Lal (ex-Director General, Archaeological Survey of India) in his paper presented at the International Conference on Indian History, Civilisation and Geopolitics 2009, has this to say about the alleged massacre at Mohenjo-daro which is the “proof” given to us for the Aryan invasion:

"Adding fuel to the fire was the famous declaration of my revered guru, Sir Mortimer Wheeler (1890 - 1976). In 1946, after having discovered a fortification-wall around one of the mounds at Harappa and on learning that in the Vedas Indra has been described as puraÅdara (i.e. destroyer of forts), he lost no time and announced:

“On circumstantial evidence Indra [symbolic of the Vedic Aryans] stands accused [of destroying the Harappan Civilization].”

The hands of the Vedic “invaders” were sullied with the blood of the so-called ‘Dravidian-speaking Harappans’ who were said to have been massacred by the former, and whose territories were usurped by them driving the latter all the way down to south India. In support of the (supposed) massacre, Wheeler cited some skeletons met with at Mohenjo-daro. 

However, an in-depth analysis of the provenance of these skeletons shows that they occurred in different stratigraphic levels – some in the middle, some in the late and yet some others in deposits which had accumulated at the site after its abandonment. Had an invasion been the cause of these deaths, one expects that the skeletons would have been found in one level which also would have been the uppermost, after which the inhabitants are taken to have deserted the site and migrated to south India. Further, all the skeletal remains came from the Lower Town which was occupied by the commoners, but none from the Citadel area which was the seat of the government. Are we expected to believe that the ‘invaders’ killed the commoners and carefully spared the high-ups? The doubt about the deaths having been the result of an ‘invasion’ is also supported by that fact some of the skeletons bore cut-marks which had been healed – a process which must have taken quite some time. There would have been no healing had the deaths been due to a ‘massacre’. 

I am in full agreement with George F. Dales who captioned his paper (1964): ‘The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo-daro’. In this context, it also needs to be added that no site of the Harappan Civilization has yielded any evidence of ‘invasion’, much less of ‘massacre’. Nor is there any evidence of an alien culture overtaking any of these sites. On the other hand, the data show a continuity of occupation and only gradual cultural transition – such as into what has been labeled as the Jhukar Culture at Chanhu-daro or Cemetery H Culture at Harappa or the Rangpur Culture in Gujarat."

Sometimes I wonder if these Raj-era historians and the modern communist historians of India have been inhabiting a cuckoo-land all along. What is the reason for these people to be so determined to teach our children this history of India and simply refuse to change it despite the laughable arguments and day-dreaming on which most of its conclusions rest? And to think that an entire “Dravidian” movement was created in Tamil Nadu based on this fantastic proof of Aryan invasion of India! Those old Dravidian war-horses are still grazing contentedly in the south, I have heard, and have managed to rule the state for many years in the bargain. The Aryan invasion theory is a political theory created with a certain political objective in mind (detaching south India from rest of India and turning it into a Christian land). 

This is why the lack of a historical proof for this theory is treated as a minor irritant and brushed aside with contempt by Anglo-Americans and Indian communist professors. It is the now the turn of Indians to brush these people aside with the same contempt.

(source: The Alleged Massacre at Mohenjo-daro - indianrealist.com). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

A Hoax of a theory - No mention of Europe

There is no mention of any location outside the mainland of India in any of the Vedic texts! If Aryans came from Europe , then why haven't the so called Aryans mentioned any of the European locations in any of the Vedic or related texts? The farthest location away from India towards the west mentioned in the Vedas is Kadhahar of present day Afghanistan , which was called Gandhar in the Vedic texts and was said to be the kingdom of Shakuni . Why haven’t any of the texts mentioned about their European locations? Why is there no Vedic text which talks about migration from Europe ?

No European Rivers

None of the Vedic texts talk about rivers outside India ! Everybody knows that rivers were the major sources of water for all ancient civilizations and so all ancient civilizations were centered around the world’s major rivers. Why is there no mention of any European river or a river outside India anywhere in the Vedic texts? Wouldn’t a race mention something or the other about its native place in at least one of its texts?

Dravidians was not a separate race  

The word ‘Dravida’ was first coined by Adi Sankara, a Brahmin monk from Kerala: in his shasthrath with Mandana Mishra at Varanasi , he had called himself a ‘Dravida shishu’ that is a child of an area where three oceans meet ie. South India .

Why don't any Dravidian folk lore or ancient texts or sayings or stories or epics exist which talk about the so called Aryan invasion? Also why do the Vedic texts talk about locations in South India ? The Ramayana, Mahabharatha all talk about South Indian locations even below and beyond the main land of India into the Indian ocean like Srilanka! If Aryans were from Europe and if they invaded North India and pushed local people down to South India , where did these locations come from? This proves beyond doubt that there do not exist any separate Aryan and Dravidian races. Instead natives of both North India and South India belong to one single race called the Vedic Indian race! 

(source: Hoax of Aryan invasion theory).

Passport to Europe?

The Aryan-Dravidian divide in history taught in schools and universities is purely a concept of foreign historians like Max Muller; it has no basis in Indian historical records. This fraudulent history has been lapped up by upper caste Indians, as their racial passport to Europe . Such has been the demoralization of the Hindu mind, which we have to shake off through a new factual account of our past. 

(source:  Hindus Under Siege - By Dr. Subramanium Swamy  p. 1 - 20).

AAA's (American Anthropological Association) Statement on Race  

From its inception, this modern concept of "race" was modeled after an ancient theorem of the Great Chain of Being, which posited natural categories on a hierarchy established by God or nature. Thus "race" was a mode of classification linked specifically to peoples in the colonial situation. It subsumed a growing ideology of inequality devised to rationalize European attitudes and treatment of the conquered and enslaved peoples. Proponents of slavery in particular during the 19th century used "race" to justify the retention of slavery. The ideology magnified the differences among Europeans, Africans, and Indians, established a rigid hierarchy of socially exclusive categories underscored and bolstered unequal rank and status differences, and provided the rationalization that the inequality was natural or God-given. The different physical traits of African-Americans and Indians became markers or symbols of their status differences.

As they were constructing US society, leaders among European-Americans fabricated the cultural/behavioral characteristics associated with each "race," linking superior traits with Europeans and negative and inferior ones to blacks and Indians. Numerous arbitrary and fictitious beliefs about the different peoples were institutionalized and deeply embedded in American thought.

(source: AAA's Statement on Race). Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

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Motives of the British East India Company - To convert and Conquer

Lord Thomas Babbington Macaulay (1800-59) was the first Law Member of the Governor-General's Legislature and is best known for introducing English education in India. 

He wrote in his notorious 1835 Minute that Hinduism was based on 

" a literature admitted to be of small intrinsic value ...(one) that inculcates the most serious errors on the most important subjects ... hardly reconcilable with reason, with morality...fruitful of monstrous superstitions. " Hindus had therefore been fed for millennia with a "false history, false astronomy, false medicine ...in company of a false religion." 

Dismissing with incredible arrogance the profound speculation and beautiful language of the Sanskrit classics, he said, " I doubt whether the Sanskrit literature be as valuable as that of our Saxon and Norman progenitors." 

Macaulay advised in 1835 the creation of an Indian elite through Western style education, making them 

"Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals, in intellect.' The policy was frankly one of Westernizing India.  Though not a missionary himself, he sincerely believed that Christianity held the key to the problems of administering India.

(source: India: A World in Transition - By Beatrice Pitney Lamb p. 194)).  For more refer to chapter European Imperialism and First Indologists.

***

Francisco Gil-White is an anthropologist who was Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania and lecturer at the Solomon Asch Centre for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict. He holds a Masters Degree in Social Sciences from the University of Chicago and a PhD in Biological and Cultural Anthropology from UCLA.

He has observed:

"The evidence supports the view that the ancient Iranians were a development of ancient Indian culture, emerging into their own as a result of population movements out of the Indian subcontinent, where civilization began. 

However, this is poorly understood because for the last 150 years a remarkably tenacious but unsupported theory of Indian history has been taught in the West. It has also been taught in India, because the dominant educational system there was set up by the British colonialists and did not undergo significant changes after independence.  

This mistaken picture of Indian history is a direct product of nineteenth-century European politics—especially German politics, combined with the colonial and missionary interests of the British Empire. 

It has little to do with India."

"The British were looking for ways to undermine Indian culture and pride in order more effectively to rule India."

(source: The Crux of World History - By Francisco Gil-White).

Lord Canning (1812 - 1862) Governor General of India from 1856 - 1862 and the first Viceroy in India. In the middle of the 1857 uprising, he wrote to a British official: 

“As we must rule 150 millions of people by a handful (more or less small) of Englishmen, let us do it in the manner best calculated to leave them divided (as in religion and national feeling they already are) and to inspire them with the greatest possible awe of our power and with the least possible suspicion of our motives.”  

(source: The Muslims of British India - By P Hardy p. 72).

Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com

Cannibalizing Cultures - Pests from the West 
Its Imperialism, Stupid

Sesha Samarajiwa ( ? ) from Sri Lanka is interested examining foreign religious agents’ role as Fifth Columnists of neocolonialism/neoimperialism. He has written:

"Evangelists belong to a long line of pests from the West who have come and keep coming like locusts to colonize our souls and cannibalize our cultures.

The latest incursions are merely a continuation of the 500-year-old sorry saga of Asia, Africa and South America, which began with the arrival of the Portuguese and the Spaniards. Some have never recovered from the machinations of their priests and the savagery of their conquistadors. The baton of imperialism has passed from the Europeans to the Americans. That is not to say that the rest of the West has dropped out. They have not. They are very much in the game. It’s just that the Americans are in the lead, the new Romans on the rampage. 

We know well how the Europeans won the West. They won it through mass genocide of the native populations in North and South America. In South America, hundreds and thousands of natives who resisted conversion were garroted. There is a poignant painting depicting such conversions. It shows armored Spanish soldiers garroting native priests, while a Spanish priest holds up a large cross. More terrified natives await their turn. On the side, another Spanish priest feeds stacks of ancient gold-leaf books of the Mayans into a fire. On the face of the Mayan priests, a look of utter sadness mixed with resignation.

In places like India and Sri Lanka, they were no better. They too faced abject horrors. In his book, Christianity's scramble for India, Navaratna Rajaram says that “the Christian Missionary is neither a Christian nor a missionary. In fact, he is a racist and a white supremacist in priestly guise.” Their Buffalo Bills and their Wild Bills, their Custers and their Cortezes, and the long line of predators and priests made sure that the sorry remainder of once-proud nations would remain so, while they ruled the roost in lands drenched with native blood. Many weaker cultures succumbed to the relentless onslaught from the West. They either slaughtered those who resisted or they sowed the seeds of abjection and their eventual self-destruction. Even today, we see the pathetic dregs of once-noble nations staggering around native reservations and barrios in North and South America, in Australia, in Canada, in New Zealand. They have lost their spirit. They have lost their will to live. They seem embarrassed to be alive. They are self-destructing. At best, they are performing monkeys titillating whites with a thirst for the exotic. These are abject peoples, vanishing tribes. Now, not satisfied with ruling their large chunk of raided real estate, they are hell-bent on extending their hegemony over the whole world. They howl in protest when the natives resist. Human misery is happy hunting grounds for these spiritual cartels. They strike when their targets are at their weakest or bomb them to submission to make sure they are at their weakest. Thus softened up, they are susceptible to inducements and brainwashing. They are canny. To ‘convert’ people, you must first make them despise and reject what had sustained their people for millennia. So they vilify their faith or convince them it is a spent force or dark superstition. In so doing, they make us spit on our heritage."

(source: Beware of wolves in sheep’s clothing - By Sesha Samarajiwa - Asian Tribune October 9, 2007). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Refer to Year 501: The Conquest Continues - By Naom Chomsky and It's Imperialism, Stupid - By Noam Chomsky. 

***

The Deliberate Distortion by the Gora Sahibs

The wise may arraign or applaud
Wealth may flow in or vanish
as it will,
Death may occur today
or when the epoch ends
The steadfast never stray
from the path of righeousness

                               - written in Sanskrit by Bhartrihari in Nitishatak

***

This is nothing but a criminal act of robbing Indian civilisation of its antiquity.

The ancient Indian history as taught today to our youth is mostly based on a number of distortions and mis-dated chronology that Kosla Vepa, the director of the Indic Studies Foundation, says 

“were deliberately engineered to create confusion and inferiority complex among Indians” by the  British Raj’s pseudo-historians of 19th century. It is time for us Indians to reclaim our history from the clutches of the Gora sahibs and set right these distortions."

Prof. B.B. Lal (former DG, ASI) in his paper at the International Conference on Indian History, Civilisation and Geopolitics to be held from January 9 2009 at New Delhi, has given several examples of these distortions in Indian history. 

The Deliberate Distortion Number One engineered by that infamous rogue Max Mueller that is still haunting us Indians today:

Way back in the 19th century, the renowned German scholar Max Muller dated the Vedas to circa 1200 BCE. This he did on a very ad-hoc basis. Having accepted that the Sµutra literature could be as old as the sixth century BCE, he assigned a duration of two hundred years to each of the preceding periods, namely those of the Araynakas, Brahmanas and Vedas. Thus, 600+200+200+200= 1200 BCE was his ready-made date for the Vedas.

However, when his contemporary scholars, such as Goldstucker, Whitney and Wilson raised objections to this kind of ad-hocism, he relented and came out with the following statement: 

“I have repeatedly dwelt on the merely hypothetical character of the dates, which I have ventured to assign to the first periods of Vedic literature. All I have claimed for them has been that they are minimum dates, and that the literary productions of each period which either still exist or which formerly existed could hardly be accounted for within shorter limits of time than those suggested.” But when even this explanation-cum-apology did not satisfy the scholars, Max Muller threw up his hands in sheer desperation. His confession, as follows, is worth noting (Max Muller 1890, reprint 1979): 

“If now we ask how we can fix the dates of these periods, it is quite clear that we cannot hope to fix a terminum a qua [sic]. Whether the Vedic hymns were composed [in] 1000 or 1500 or 2000 or 3000 BC, no power on earth will ever determine.” In so far as Max Muller was concerned, the matter was closed from his side. But the greatest irony is that his original fatawa of 1200 BCE, given in the 19th century, is sill ruling the roost in certain quarters even in the 21st century! The disastrous effect of this fatawa was seen in the 1920s when the Harappan Civilization was discovered and attempts were made to identify its authors. On the basis of the occurrence of several objects of this civilization in deposits of certain already-dated West Asian cultures, it was assigned to the 3rd millennium BCE. Was it necessary for Mueller to circulate these dates about the Vedas and other literature to others when he himself admitted that no power on earth could determine when these holy books actually got written, “whether in 1000 or 1500 or 2000 or 3000 BC”? It is a crying shame that this date of 1200 BC as origin of the Vedas pulled by Mueller out of his hat is still being taught to Indian school children as a “fact.”

(source: Did the Vedas get Written around 1200 BC? Says Who? - indianrealist.com).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

K. M. Panikkar (1896-1963) Indian scholar, journalist, historian from Kerala, administrator, diplomat, Minister in Patiala Bikaner and Ambassador to China, Egypt and France. Author of several books, including Asia and Western Dominance, India Through the ages and India and the Indian Ocean.

In 'A Survey of Indian History’ (1954) he says:

‘One thing, however, is certain and can no longer be contested—civilization did not come to India with the Aryans. This doctrine of the Aryan origin of Indian civilization which finds no support in Indian Literature which does not consider the Dasyus (Dravidians) as uncivilized, is the result of the theories of Indo-Germanic scholars who held that everything valuable in the world originated from the Aryans. Not only is Indian civilization pre-Vedic, but the essential features of Hindu religion as we know it today were perhaps present in Mohenjo-Daro."

(source: A Survey of Indian History - By K M Pannikkar p. 4).Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Rajiv Malhotra ( ? )  After studying in Delhi's St. Columba's High School and then St. Stephen's College, Rajiv arrived in the US in 1971 to study Physics and Computer Science. His corporate careers and business entrepreneurship included the computer, software and telecom industries. He now spends full time with The Infinity Foundation, a non-profit organization in Princeton, New Jersey. In a speech in February 2009 he said:  

Invasion Theory of India - Then there is this idea that everything good about India was imported into India. The so-called Aryans brought Sanskrit. The Greeks brought philosophy and rational thought; Hinduism was a colonial construction; Indian culture was started by the Mughals and British gave Indians a nation and cricket and now we have to import our human rights from America."

(source: Where is India in the Encounter of Civilizations? - By Rajiv Malhotra - indianrealist.com).

***

The year was 1783, nearly 217 years ago, that the British had lost its 13 colonies in America, and now it was necessary to fully concentrate on India. The East India Company representing the British, was trading since 1690, and it now became necessary to plan a strategy whereby a British rule can be established in a country inherently different from Canada, America and Australia.  

Sir William Jones with Brahmins at his feet. 

The picture symbolizes how academic Indians today often remain under the glass ceiling as “native informants” of the Westerners. Yet in 19th century Europe, Sanskrit was held in great awe and respect, even while the natives of India were held in contempt or at best in a patronizing manner as children to be raised into their master's advanced “civilization.”

Sir William Jones (1746-1794) the first British to master Sanskrit and study the Vedas, wrote to Sir Warren Hastings how to spread "our pure faith" (Christianity) as "no mission from the Church of Rome will ever be able to convert the Hindus."

Watch video The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge and The Saraswati River - youtube.com. Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee. Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com. Refer to The Myth of Aryan Invasion of India - By M L Goel. Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

***

In the year 1784, under the patronage of Governor General Warren Hastings, the Asiatic Society of Bengal was formed with a membership of 30 Europeans, headed by Sir William Jones as president. In the very year, he wrote to Sir Warren Hastings how to spread "our pure faith" as "no mission from the Church of Rome will ever be able to convert the Hindus." He wrote about translating into Sanskrit and "then quietly to disperse the work among the well-educated natives." He goes on to state that "all the 14 Menus (Manus) are reducible to one," and that "a connection subsisted between the old idolatrous nations." 

(source: West Asian languages derived from Indus script - By Bhikhu Patel). Refer to Geopolitics and Sanskrit Phobia - By Rajiv Malhotra - sulekha.com and chapters on Conversion, First Indologists and European Imperialism.

The Ayran Invasion Theory - AIT specifically justified the presence of the British among their “Aryan cousins” in India, being merely the second wave of Aryan settlement there.  It supported the British view of India as merely a geographical region without historical unity, a legitimate prey for any invader capable of imposing himself.  It provided the master illustration to the rising racialist worldview:

(1) the dynamic whites entered the land of the indolent dark natives; 
(2) being superior, the whites established their dominance and imparted their language to the natives; 
(3) being race-conscious, they established the caste system to preserve their racial separateness; 
(4) but being insufficiently fanatical about their race purity, some miscegenation with the natives took place anyway, making the Indian Aryans darker than their European cousins and correspondingly less intelligent and less dynamic; 
(5) hence, for their own benefit they were susceptible to an uplifting intervention by a new wave of purer Aryan colonizers.

Questioning the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) is now widely presented as a part of the alleged hinduization or “saffronization” of history by the BJP-led government in India.  Through the media, the West has vaguely heard an echo of the commotion about this development among Indian Marxist historians trying to hold on to their power positions. 

Indo - Anglian snobbery:  English education and more recently the westernization of the workplace, of popular music and other everyday circumstances have generated a class of Indians quite alienated from and ignorant of native culture. More than the English-employed Babus of yore, they delight in mocking and belittling native culture.  In their hands, the AIT is simply an instrument to tease Indian “chauvinists” and deconstruct the very notion of a distinct Indian or Hindu civilization.  With the decline of ideology and the rise of the commercial outlook in the media, this supercilious and nihilistic attitude is now a rising force in the opinion landscape, but it has always been around in non-Marxist sections of independent India’s anglicised elite.

(source: The Politics of the Aryan Invasion Debate - By Dr. Koenraad Elst - bharatvani.org - Indology Review). 

Refer to chapters on First Indologists and European Imperialism.

The Fiction of Aryan Invasion Theory 

The preplanned scheme of Jones to introduce the idea that Sanskrit was an outside language gave birth to the speculation of the imagined existence of some Central Asian (Aryan) race who spoke Sanskrit and who brought Sanskrit language to India when they forcefully entered the country. In this way, the fiction of the Aryan Invasion was created much later, sometime in the 1800’s by the same group of people and was extensively promoted by Max Muller.    

Manu Smriti (2/21,22) describes the exact location of Aryavart which lies from the south of the Himalayas and all the way up to the Indian Ocean. 

Its inhabitants are called the Arya. 

In this Imperialist history, India is portrayed as the land “conquered” first by the ‘Dravidians’, then by the ‘Aryans’, later by Muslims, and finally by the British. Otherwise, everything else is mythical. Our history books today exhibit this obsession with foreign rule. 

Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge and Watch The Saraswati River - youtube.com. Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel video.  Watch New Discoveries on India 's History. Refer to The Myth of Aryan Invasion of India - By M L Goel and Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

***

It is a well known fact that India is called Aryavart. Manu Smriti (2/21,22) describes the exact location of Aryavart which lies from the south of the Himalayas and all the way up to the Indian Ocean. Its inhabitants are called the Arya. But it is not a locally spoken name. But it is not a locally spoken name. Commonly, we write Bharatvarsh for India in general and scriptural writings. The territory of India (or Bharatvarsh for Aryavart) during the Mahabharat war (3139 BC) was up to Iran. So the ancient Iranian people also used to call themselves the Aryans.    

People of the British regime using this information, fabricated a story that some unknown race of Central Asia who came and settled in Iran were called the Aryans and they were Sanskrit speaking people. They invaded India, established themselves permanently, and wrote the Vedas. Those who introduced this ideology never cared to produce any evidence in support of their statement because it never existed, and furthermore, fiction stories don’t need evidences as they are self-created dogmas. 

If someone carefully looks into the ancient history of India, he will find that there was no such thing as an Aryan invasion. Since the very beginning of human civilization, Hindus (Aryans) are the inhabitants of Bharatvarsh (India) which is called Aryavart. In the Bharatiya history there are descriptions of Shak and Hun invasions and also of the Muslim invasions but never an Aryan invasion.  

Max Muller promoted this invasion story and formulated his dates of Vedic origin accordingly.  

(source:  The True History and the Religion of India: A Concise Encycloedia of Authentic Hinduism - By Swami Prakashanand Saraswati  p.  266- 267). 

An Englishman getting a pedicure from his Indian servants.

The Tyranny of British Rule: "The British have set themselves up as the master race in India. British rule in India is fascism, there is no dodging that." 

"It is in India, of all places on the earth, that the superiority of the white over the colored races is most strikingly demonstrated."

The Aryan Invasion Theory served as a theoretical underpinning of the historical legitimacy of the British presence in India. That the British appeared at the end of a long line of invaders of the land, beginning with the Aryans. 

Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.  Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com and chapter on European Imperialism

***

The Aryan Invaders - Hindu historical records as fiction?

The Western experts concluded, somewhere between 1500 and 1000 BE, the primitive barbarians who composed the Veda invaded northern India, driving the helpless Dravidians into the southern part of the subcontinent where they live today. There are two difficulties with this popular theory: 

1. Today’s northern Hindus have absolutely no memory of having ever driven the Dravidians out of north India. None of their ancient manuscripts mentions any such thing.
2. Today’s Dravidians have absolutely no memory of ever having lived in North India. In fact, their ancient traditions suggest that their forebears came from the south, not from the north.

Minor problems like these did not discourage the Europeans and American scholars of the time. Thousands of pages of the Hindu’s own historical records were simply dismissed as fiction.

Over and over the Vedas mention a mighty river called the Saraswati where Aryan communities flourished and Vedic priests sang hymns of glorious gods, like Indra. Western scholars speculated that the Saraswati might have been one of the rivers to the east of the Aral Sea in Soviet Central Asia. Perhaps, some even speculated, it had never been anything but a figment of the ancient poet's imaginations! 

In the early 1980's proponents of the Aryan Invasion Theory, got a terrible shock. Satellite imaging was revolutionzing our knowledge of Earth's geography. It allowed scientists to get a look at the planet from low orbit out in space. Satellite photos of the dry bed of an enormous river, so huge it may have been five miles across at one site. While that river was in business, it may been the largest in the world, bigger even than than the Amazon today. The geologists quickly established the river had dried up around 1900 BCE. Yet according to our friend Max Muller the Veda hadn't been composed till at the very least 700 years after the river disappeared. What was this?  Poets pretending they still lived alongside a river that vanished centuries before? Not darn likely!

(source: Hinduism - By Linda Johnsen p. 20 - 24). Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism.   Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org

Westward movement?

Shrikant Talageri  proceeds to demonstrate that the fragmentary Vedic data and the systematic Puranic account tally rather splendidly. The Puranas relate a westward movement of a branch of the Aila/Saudyumna clan or Lunar dynasty from Prayag (Allahabad, at the junction of Ganga and Yamuna) to Sapta Saindhavah, the land of the seven rivers.  There, the tribe splits into five, after the five sons of the conqueror Yayati: Yadu, Druhyu, Anu, Puru, Turvashu.  All the rulers mentioned in the Vedas either belong to the Paurava (Puru-descended) tribe settled on the banks of the Saraswati, or have come in contact with them according to the Puranic account, whether by alliance and matrimony or by war.  Later, the Pauravas (and minor dynasties springing from them) extend their power eastward, into and across their ancestral territory, and the Vedic traditions spread along with the economic and political influence of the metropolitan Saraswati-based Paurava people.

This way, the eastward expansion of the Vedic horizon, which has often been read as proof of a western origin of the Aryans, is integrated into a larger history. The Vedic people are shown as merely one branch of an existing Aryan culture, originally spanning northern India (at least) from eastern Uttar Pradesh to Panjab.  The approximate and relative chronology provided by the dynastic lists allow us to estimate the time of those events as much earlier than the heyday and end of the Harappan cities.  Later the Anavas are said to have invaded Panjab from their habitat in Kashmir, and to have been defeated and expelled by the Pauravas in the so-called Battle of the Ten Kings, described in Rig Veda 7:18,19,33,83.  The ten tribes allied against king Sudas (who belonged to the Trtsu branch of the Paurava tribe) have been enumerated in the Vedic references to the actual battle, and a number of them are unmistakably Iranian: Paktha (Pashtu), BhalAna (Bolan/Baluch), Parshu (Persian), PRthu (Parthian), the others being less recognizable: VishANin, AlIna, Shiva, Shimyu, BhRgu, Druhyu. 

(source: Aryan Invasion Theory, a Reappraisal - By Shrikant Talageri). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Excavations at Mohenjadaro.

The Vedic Corpus provides no evidence for the so called “Aryan Invasion” of India

Thousands of pages of the Hindu’s own historical records were simply dismissed as fiction by European and American scholars.

Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge
Watch The Saraswati River - youtube.com

***

Koenraad Elst, Belgian scholar, as pointed out, no Indian until the mid-nineteenth century had heard of the notion that his ancestors were invaders from Central Asia who had destroyed the native Indian civilization and culture. But almost every history book now proclaims so. There was no Aryan-Dravidian divide before, but many people in the south now believe they were the original inhabitants of India who were pushed around and down south by the invading Aryan tribes who imposed their Vedic culture and rituals on the rest of India. 

Winston Churchill who opposed any policy giving independence to India, belligerently points out: 

"We have as much right to be in India as anyone there, except perhaps for the depressed classes, who are the native stock."  

He also points out how such a theory was swallowed hook, line and sinker by a variety of Indians for a variety of purposes: from Jyotirao Phule, the low-caste leader from Maharashtra, who said that the "...Aryans came to India not as simple emigrants with peaceful intentions of colonization, but as conquerors. to Keshab Chandra Sen leader of the reformist Brahmo Samaj, who welcomed the British presence as follows: "In the advent of the English nation in India we see a reunion of parted cousins, the descendents of two different families of the ancient Aryan race."

(source: Secular "Gods" Blame Hindu "Demons" - By Ramesh N. Rao Har Anand pub. ISBN 81-241-0808-0  p. 242 - 246).

The Aryan Invasion Theory served as a theoretical underpinning of the historical legitimacy of the British presence in India. That the British appeared at the end of a long line of invaders of the land, beginning with the Aryans. 

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) poet, author, philosopher, Nobel prize laureate as early as 1902 (Bengali Samvat 1309) wrote that:

"There was no Indian in the history of India written by foreigners: as if Indians do not exist; only those who have fought and killed among themselves are real...we are not parasites of India; through hundreds of centuries we have put down tens of thousands of roots in the heart of this land, but unfortunately we have to read a type of history which makes our children forget exactly this."

It appears that in (the history of) India we are nobodies; only those who have come from outside matter in (the history of this) land"

Tagore, whose view of India and Indian history is rarely highlighted wrote a seminal essay entitled ‘The History of Bharatavarsha’. In it he struck a cord parallel to R C Majumdar’s: 

“The history of India that we read and memorize for our examinations is really a nightmarish account of India . Some people arrive from somewhere and the pandemonium is let loose. And then it is a free-for-all: assault and counter-assault, blows and bloodletting. "

“If Bharatvarsha is viewed with these passing frames of dreamlike scenes, smeared in red, overlaid on it, the real Bharatvarsha cannot be glimpsed. These histories do not answer the question, where were the people of India ? Our real ties are with the Bharatvarsha that lies outside our textbooks. If the history of this tie for a substantially long period gets lost, our soul loses its anchorage. After all, we are no weeds or parasitical plants in India . Over many hundreds of years, it is our roots, hundreds and hundreds of them, that have occupied the very heart of Bharatavarsha. But, unfortunately, we are obliged to learn a brand of history that makes our children forget this very fact. It appears as if we are nobody in India …”

(free translation from original Bengali in Tagore's Collected Works, vol. 4, 1965: 378 and A Thematic View of Indian Civilization - By Michel Danino - The Hindu Renaissance Makar Sankranti Yugabda 5108  p 10 - 11).

If Tagore were alive after Independence and if he had then written like this, he would no doubt have been accused of chauvinism or fundamentalism by the new India's "mainstream" historians. 

Rabindranath Tagore poet, author, philosopher, Nobel prize laureate. Tagore with Albert Einstein in New York.
'A mathematician and a mystic meet in Manhattan.'

If Rabindranath Tagore were alive after Independence and if he had then written like this, he would no doubt have been accused of chauvinism or fundamentalism by the new India's "mainstream" historians. 

Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com.  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

***

K. M. Panikkar, the author of A Survey of Indian History has written:

"Brought upon text books written by foreigners whose one object would seem to have been to prove that there was no such thing as India, we had each to 'discover' India for ourselves. 

Even today there is a persistent attempt of Western scholars to argue that "India was not a country but a congeries of smaller states, and the Indians were not a nation but a conglomeration of peoples of diverse creeds and sects. Anybody familiar with the relevant situation will know that this attitude still forms the major undercurrent of Western scholarship on India.

(source: Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Past - By Dilip K. Chakrabarti p. 98, 122, 214 -240 and  The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar p. 45). Refer to Distortion of Indian History and School Textbooks.

The Aryan invasion theory was hypothesized in the 19th century to explain the similarities found in Sanskrit and the languages of Europe. One such person who reported about this is Deen Chandora in his article, Distorted Historical Events and Discredited Hindu Chronology, as it appeared in Revisiting Indus-Sarasvati Age and Ancient India (p. 383). 

He explains that the idea of the AIT was certainly not a matter of misguided research, by was a conspiracy to distribute deliberate misinformation that was formulated on April 10, 1866 in London at a secret meeting held in the Royal Asiatic Society. This was "to induct the theory of the Aryan invasion of India, so that no Indian may say that English are foreigners...India was ruled all along by outsiders and so the country must remain a slave under the benign Christian rule." This was a political move and this theory was put to solid use in all schools and colleges. As can be expected, most of those who were great proponents of the Aryan invasion theory were often ardent English or German nationalists, or Christians ready and willing to bring about the desecration of anything that was non-Christian or non-European. 

(source: Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence - By Stephen Knapp  p. 39).

Guy Sorman (1944 -  ) French intellectual, writer, economist and a professor of political science at Paris University, visiting scholar at Hoover Institution at Stanford and the leader of new liberalism in France.  

He writes:

"The Invasion theory has today become the standard explanation for the caste system, though it came up only in the 19th century. Besides, all we have to attest the Aryan invasion is a specious interpretation of the Mahabharata, which is like searching the origins of European aristocracy in the works of Homer! In any case, it is doubtful whether a single invasion, which was more likely a slow infiltration of the North, could have succeeded in structuring so perfectly Indian society along ethnic lines for over three thousand years. Finally, in South India the caste system among the dark, skinned Dravidians is as rigid as it is in the North, though the Aryans in all probability never reached there. 

The racial origin of caste hypothesis tells us little about India but it does tell us a great deal about the 19th century Westerners who invented the Aryan invasion theory.  

It was at the same time that Sieyes and Augustin Thierry claimed that the French nobility was of Germanic stock, whereas the lower classes were of Gallic origin; so the 1789 Revolution was a race war rather than a class war! 

It was also in the 19th century that appeared the myth of the Indo-Europeans being at the source of all Western civilization and for this we have to thank British authors who were taken up with evolutionist theory. Indian historians trained in Europe have fallen victim to this myth but that does not make it any more authentic. Later on, at the beginning of the 20th century, it became fashionable to support the Marxist theory which replaced race with class, though its premises were just as shaky.

(source: The Genius of India - By Guy Sorman  ('Le Genie de l'Inde') Macmillan India Ltd. 2001. ISBN 0333 93600 0  p. 60-61). Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism. 

Dr. Subhash Kak (1949 - ) is a widely known scientist and a Indic scholar. Currently a Professor at Louisiana State University, he has authored ten books and more than 200 research papers in the fields of information theory, quantum mechanics, and Indic studies. He is a Sanskrit scholar and is author of Astronomical Code of the Rig Veda, and India at Century's End: Essays on History and Politics, has observed: 

Max Muller is credited with the popularization of the theory that nomadic hordes of horse-riding Aryans invaded India in mid-second millennium B.C.E., subjugated the original inhabitants and imposed their culture and language on them. This theory explained the fact that the language of North India and Europe belong to the same family and that the myths of the Indian and the European worlds have some commonality.  

While this theory provided an explanation within the framework of the then emerging filed of archaeology, it suffered from serious flaws. Also the context in which the word Aryan was used was wrong because this word in the earliest Indian literature refers to culture and not any specific race or linguistic background. A major flaw of the invasion theory was that it had no explanation for why the Vedic literature that was assumed to go back into the second millennium had no reference to any region outside of northwest India. Furthermore, the astronomical references in the Vedic literature allude to events in the third millennium B.C.D. and earlier. Then there was the fact that the earliest Indian sciences and literature and philosophy were very advanced indicating a very long tradition of scholarship which the invasion model did not posit. Most importantly, the discovery of the archaeological sites of the Indus-Saraswati tradition, which go back to at least 6500 B.C.E. and which show cultural continuity with the later Indian civilization, created a fundamental contradiction for the model. If one could explain the cultural continuity by arguing that the invading Aryans eventually adopted the culture of the original inhabitants then how was one to explain the fact that they were able to impose their language on the same people. 

Once the theory of this horse riding invaders, took root, any evidence that went against this view was ignored or simply brushed aside as being ambiguous. But the main reason that the Aryan invasion theory survived so long is because questions about the process supporting the hypothesis were not asked. 

Another reason for the popularity of the invasion theory was that parallels were seen with the conquest of the Americas by the Europeans. The fundamental differences between the two situations were ignored. Europe of five hundred years ago was densely populated unlike the steppes of Central Asia thirty five hundred years ago. European expansion was imperial in design impelled in part by capitalism and by the exclusionary world-view of Christianity in contrast to the Indo-Aryans with their Old Religion that saw the world to be interconnected.  

(source: Astronomical Code of the Rig Veda - by Subhas Kak p 20 - 23).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org

Scholarly Trickery?

Michel Danino (1956 - ) Born in 1956 at Honfleur (France) into a Jewish family recently emigrated from Morocco, from the age of fifteen Michel Danino was drawn to India, some of her great yogis, and soon to Sri Aurobindo and Mother and their view of evolution which gives a new meaning to our existence on this earth.

He has observed:

"The Vedic Dasyus were arbitrarily identified with the Dravidians by the scholars of the British Empire and the wars between them and the Aryans became "proof" of the bloody conquest of Northern India by "the great army of Aryan immigrants in their onward march" from Central Asia (or Iran or even Tibet, in some variants of this sublime myth). These Aryans became therefore "Indo-Europeans" or "Indo-Germans".  Thus the Rig Veda was shown as being "rather Indo-European than Hindu, and representing the condition of the Aryans before their final settlement in India. Which in another way was of saying that Hinduism really came from "Indo-European" regions, wherever that may be. 

Never mind that this so-called evidence did not stand a moment's scrutiny, that the Rig Veda itself made it clear that the wars between Aryans and Dasysus were battles between powers of light and darkness, that the world "Aryan" was plainly used in the Veda to describe not a racial group but a quality of being and a culture, a dedication to the truth and readiness to fight for it - all this was simply brushed aside, and a whole edifice was promptly erected on these non-existent foundations.

It followed that the lower castes and the Dravidians, both victims of the Aryan “oppressors,” were encouraged to rebel and reject every “Aryan import,” beginning of course with Hinduism. Christianity, shown as being more “egalitarian” was projected as the natural “liberating” force for these sections of Indian society, among which mass conversions did take place as a result. 

Dr. Rev. John Wilson, Scottish missionary, founder of Wilson College, India. Named one of the Seven Founding Fathers of Modern Bombay (Mumbai), declared with a straight face, and naturally this happy reunion had now brought India into contact "with the most enlightened nation in the world." A special effort was made for the conversion of India's aboriginal tribes: 

"They have yet to start on the path of progress," wrote Hunter. "It remains for us to decide whether the path is to lead them to Hinduism, or to the pure faith and civilization which we represent."

(source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar  p.19 - 21).

 William Dalrymple, (1965 - ) author of The Last Mughal, and award-winning travel writer and historian, has recently written:  

"By 1813, a change in the charter of the East India Company let loose a wave of evangelical missionaries on India . The act was pushed through parliament by William Wilberforce, who told MPs that "the natives of India , and more particularly the Brahmins, were sunk into the most abject ignorance and vice".  The Rev R Ainslie was typical of the new breed of missionaries filling the cantonments, or military stations, of India during the 1830s. Ainslie wrote of his visit to Orissa: "I have visited the Valley of Death ! I have seen the Den of Darkness!"  According to another outspoken evangelical, the Rev Alexander Thompson: "Those who between 1790 and 1820 held the highest offices in India, were on the whole an irreligious body of men who approved of Hinduism much more than Christianity: some who hated Missions from their dread  of sedition; others because their hearts 'seduced by fair idolatresses, had fallen to idols foul'."

(source: Gods and Monsters - By William Dalrymple - guardian.co.uk).  Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism. 

Robert Caldwell (1814 -1891) the Bishop of Tirunelveli, had a strong anti-Brahmin bias (something, again, non-existent in Tamil literature or tradition), affirmed that "few Brahmins have written (in Tamil) anything worthy of preservation" - a crudely false statement when Brahmins (and non-Brahmins alike) have composed so much devotion literature in Tamil. 

This "brahminphobia" makes perfect sense, however, if we remember that Caldwell was first and foremost a Christian missionary and that missionaries always considered Brahmins as the greatest stumbling block to India's Christianization. 

The word ‘Dravida’ was first coined by Adi Sankara, a Brahmin monk from Kerala: in his shasthrath with Mandana Mishra at Varanasi , he had called himself a ‘Dravida shishu’ that is a child of an area where three oceans meet ie. South India .

This "brahminphobia" makes perfect sense, however, if we remember that Caldwell was first and foremost a Christian missionary and that missionaries always considered Brahmins as the greatest stumbling block to India's Christianization. 

The tactic of denigrating India's ancient heritage in order to create divisions in her society continues today with full vigor - only with a little more subtlety.

Watch New Discoveries on India 's History.  Refer to Vedic Roots of Early Tamil Culture - By Michel Danino.  For Cruelty inflicted by Christianity - Watch Constantine's Sword movie - By Oren Jacoby

Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge
Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel video. Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com.

Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com. Watch The Bible is Bullshit - Penn & Teller examine the Bible. Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

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Caldwell's theories were lapped up by more and more scholars, and finally by E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker ("Periyar") (1879 - 1973).the doyen of Dravidian politics and iconoclast. Founder of the Dravidian movement.

Not only was the teaching and study of Sanskrit starved and discouraged in Tamil Nadu to break its "hegemony," there was also a drive to "cleanse" the Tamil language of its large Sanskrit vocabulary. If anything, this purge of Sanskrit words only contributed to the impoverishment of spoken Tamil, which, today, mixes in numerous English words - many more than other South Indian languages do (for example Malayalam which, though issued from Tamil, still has a large Sanskrit vocabulary). 

The Vedic literature is massive and no other culture has produced anything like it in regard to ancient history. Not the Egyptians, Sumerians, Babylonians, or Chinese. So if it was produced outside of India, how could there not be some reference to its land of origination. For that matter, how could these so-called primitive nomads who came invading the Indus region invent such a sophisticated language and produce such a distinguished record of their customs inspite of their migrations and numerous battle? This hardly likely. Only a people who are well established and advanced in their knowledge and culture can do such a thing. 

(source: Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence - By Stephen Knapp p. 49 and Vedic Roots of Early Tamil Culture - By Michel Danino.  Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism.  Refer to Jesus Christ: Artifice for Aggression - By Sita Ram Goel and Christian Supremacy: Pushing the Dhimmitude of Non-Christians in America. 

Aryan race did not exist

Dr Suryanath Kamath former Director of Karnataka State Gazetteer has said:

"The term Aryan only means noble. 'European scholars wrongly interpreted the war mentioned in the Vedas'. ' Indus Valley civilisation and Vedic civilisation are not different'" Indus Valley civilisation and Vedic civilisation are not two different civilisations but the former was only an urbanised version of the latter." Dr. Kamath, former Director of Karnataka State Gazetteer, was speaking on "Ancient India: Overseas Connections" organised as a part of Mythic Society's centenary year celebrations.  

Refuted - Refuting the existence of Aryan race or an invasion by them, he said: "The Vedas speak of a war between light and darkness which was wrongly interpreted by European scholars as a war between light-skinned and dark-skinned people. The term Dravida means 'inhabitants of Tamil Nadu' and not a race, and the term Aryan means 'noble'."

Evidence - On the Indus Valley civilisation, he said: "There are factual evidences of a river that ran parallel to the west of the Sindhu and this was home to the Vedic civilisation but [river] dried up around 1900 BC which brought an end to the civilisation." Dr. Kamat spoke extensively about the Indian trade connections with Persia and Rome during the Indus Valley civilisation. "There is a Roman settlement in Puducherry, established for commercial activities around 2,000 years ago. Romans had a penchant for Indian perfumes, diamonds and garments and in return, there was a constant flow of gold into India." 

Sea routes - "Indian seamen had knowledge of sea routes much before the Western sailors could have, and [they] were also well versed in ship building as we can find description of ships in the Rig Veda. "This is proved by the fact that various artefacts of Harappan civilisation were found in countries as far as Rome and Mexico ," "that the Indian connection with foreign lands was not just limited to trade but also extended to culture. "South-East Asian countries such as Cambodia , Indonesia and the Philippines are largely influenced by Indian culture and we can see such influence in Buddhist Stupas and Hindu temples in these countries," 

(source: Aryan race did not exist - thehindu July 14, 2008). Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

Dr. N.S. Rajaram sums up the anti-Brahmin campaign of the British missionaries succinctly in his " Sarasvati River and Vedic Civilization" as follows:  

"Christian propagandists like Bishop Caldwell were unhappy that they could get converts only from the lower strata of Hindu society. Regardless of internal divisions, all segments of Hindu society-and many Muslims as well - looked to the Brahmins for moral and intellectual guidance. Caldwell and his fellow missionaries saw Brahmins as the greatest obstacle to their program. So they attacked the Brahmins in the most venomous language as oppressors of society. This is still the case. The idea was to turn people against those who were seen as the preservers and perpetuators of Hindu culture and tradition".  

(source:  "Casteism"- An open letter to Indian Express - haindavakeralam.org). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950) was the great light that blazed across India during the first half of the twentieth century, and debunked this theory of the North-South racial divide.

He did not subscribe to the theory that the languages of North and South India are unrelated. Sri Aurobindo's study of Tamil led him to discover that the original connection between the Sanskrit and Tamil languages was “far closer and more extensive than is usually supposed.” These languages are “two divergent families derived from one lost primitive tongue.” And, “My first study of Tamil words had brought me to what seemed a clue to the very origins and structure of the ancient Sanskrit tongue.” 

Hindus collectively have no memory of an Aryan invasion of India that supposedly took place around 1,500 B.C. Hindu epics do not mention any such invasion. Surely, the extensive Hindu literature would describe the Aryan invasion if such had indeed taken place.  

Ram in epic battle with Ravana in Ramayana.

Ravana was a scholar of the Vedas and was called a Chaturvedi, a knower of the four Vedas. Ravana belonged to the same stock as the victorious Rama. 

Hindu epics do not mention any such invasion. Surely, the extensive Hindu literature would describe the Aryan invasion if such had indeed taken place. The voluminous Vedic literature, 8 times the length of the Bible, is completely silent about any Aryan migrations. It pre-supposes an indigenous population. Ancient literatures from Tamil and other languages also do not say anything about any Aryan migration from Central Asia.

Not even the Dravidian speaking peoples who are claimed to have lived in India before the supposed Aryan invasion have any memory of this alleged invasion. It is hard to imagine that both the “invading Aryans” and the “conquered native Dravidians” would conspire to eradicate from their collective memory every trace of the invasion and its consequences.

Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge

Watch New Discoveries on India 's History.  Refer to chapter on Survarnabhumi and Sacred Angkor

***

Some people misread Ramayana as describing an invasion of the South by a Northern prince. The Indian epic Ramayana narrates Rama's tale, who invaded the island of Lanka to rescue his wife Sita. Sita had been forcibly abducted by Ravana to the island of Lanka. Nowhere does Ramayana characterize Ravana as belonging to an alien or an inferior race. Ravana was a scholar of the Vedas and was called a Chaturvedi, a knower of the four Vedas. Ravana belonged to the same stock as the victorious Rama.  An Aryan invasion of India from the outside around 1,500 B. C. did not occur. People of North and South India have lived together in peace as two branches of one family since antiquity. People who talk of an Aryan conquest of India parrot the 19th century British viewpoint and do disservice to the cause of unity of India. 

(Refer to The Secret of the Veda, V 10, Centenary Edition, p 36, 46). Sri Aurobindo also noted that a large part of the vocabulary of the South Indian languages (Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam) is common with Sanskrit. 

(source: The Myth of Aryan Invasion - By Dr. Madan Lal Goel - sulekha.com). For more refer to Vedic Roots of Early Tamil Culture - By Michel Danino and Hating Hindus in a 'Scholarly' Way - By Vishal Agarwal. Refer to chapter on Hindu Scriptures.

Among Greatest Hoaxes of History?

Swami Aksharananda (   )  holds a Ph.D. degree in Hindu Studies from the University of Madison, Wisconsin (USA) has observed:

"Not even the Dravidian speaking peoples who are claimed to have lived in India before the supposed Aryan invasion have any memory of this alleged invasion. It is hard to imagine that both the “invading Aryans” and the “conquered native Dravidians” would conspire to eradicate from their collective memory every trace of the invasion and its consequences."

"This theory, given the manner in which it is being defended by its promoters, sounds more like a dogma serving a variety of political and ideological functions. It is invariably summoned into service to explain almost every traditional institution and social conflict in India. While the AIT is avidly and dogmatically advocated by some, in and out of India, the preponderant mass of the Indian population is blissfully unaware of this interpretation of their history. "

"Though it is now seen as heresy to do so, many scholars, both in the West and in the Indian sub-continent, have long challenged the AIT to be essentially a product of 19th century Eurocentric scholarship built on an edifice of speculation. Now with new tools of investigation, including computers and satellites, new discoveries are regularly made and we are in a position to intern the AIT myth, once and for all, among the greatest hoaxes of history. It will require the chipping away of the Aryan Invasion Theory which according to a Cambridge anthropologist, Edmund Leach, is like cutting down a 300-year-old oak tree with a penknife. But it’s a work that has to be done. Ultimately, it will require nothing less than the total overhaul of Indian history. "

(source: The Aryan invasion of India is a theory built on speculation - By Swami Aksharanda - Stabroek News, Tuesday, June 17, 2003).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org

It is for nothing that India is today home to the only ancient culture that has survived the combined waves of Christianity and Islam - all others have disappeared under the sands of Time. 

First of all, let us try to understand why 19th century scholars found the racial Apartheid theory of caste, as an annexe to the AIT, so persuasive. In ca. 1810, the dominant theory of Indo-European origins held that India was the homeland of this language family. In subsequent decades, doubts developed about the primacy of Sanskrit in the Indo-European language tree, and parallel with the increasing linguistic distance between Sanskrit and reconstructed Proto-Indo European, the putative homeland (Urheimat) of Indo-European was moved away from India. Initially the Pamir plateau and other parts of Central Asia were favorites, but from ca. 1850 onwards, a consensus emerged that the Urheimat had been in Europe itself, with Germany, Poland and Russia as the most credible candidates.

Churning of the Ocean lintel - Angkorwat, Cambodia.

Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel video. Refer to chapter on Survarnabhumi and Sacred Angkor. Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge. Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Watch video - Intellectual Terrorism and Subversion in polity – By Radha Rajan

***

The shift from India to Europe as the preferred Urheimat was formally due to new linguistic insights developed in good faith by conscientious philologist, but it was coincidentally also well-tuned to new political concerns. Apart from rising nationalism which explains the scramble among scholars to grab the Urheimat status for their own country, the main factor was European colonialism, then at its apogee. It seemed natural that the continent whose manifest destiny was the domination of the world, had brought forth its own proto-historic Indo-European culture and language. 

Conversely, it seemed illogical that a backward country like India, badly in need of the White Man's civilizing mission, could have brought forth the superior European culture. "Decidedly, the English did not want to affiliate themselves to "Mother India'."

(source: The Saffron Swastika - By Koenraad Elst Voice of India ISBN 8185990697 p.243-244). Refer to Jesus Christ: Artifice for Aggression - By Sita Ram Goel

The determination of the age in which Vedic literature started and flourished has its consequences for the Aryan Invasion question. The oldest text, the Rg­Veda, is full of precise references to places and natural phenomena in what are now Panjab and Haryana, and was unmistakably composed in that part of India. The date at which it was composed is a firm terminus ante quem for the entry of the Vedic Aryans into India. They may have come from abroad or they may have been fully native, but by the time of the Rg­Veda, they were certainly Indians without memory of a foreign homeland.

(source: Astronomical data and the Aryan question - By Koenraad Elst). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

***

The African Model

Alluding to the way in which the spectacular stone ruins of Great Zimbabwe were reviewed as a Phoenician creation, M Posnansky (1982) refers to “the notion that what was advanced in Africa’s past was the work of outside invaders, merchants or metal workers, variously derived from Phoenicia, South Africa, Israel, India and Indonesia. 

He adds that: 

“This was an idea that was extremely attractive to a White community that at no time amounted to even 10 % of the total population of Rhodesia. It served to justify their depreciation of Black capabilities and past achievements and their occupation of more than half of the best agricultural land. The preservation of White civilization ultimately retarded the discovery of Black civilization and hampered the progress of archaeology.” 

(source:  Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Past - By Dilip K. Chakrabarti  p. 26).

In Africa: Divide and Convert

"What a splendid instrument for spreading Christianity and civilization among the savage races of Africa.!"  

                 - Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) the celebrated British African Explorer remarked, when inspecting  the original maxim gun.

(source: Eastern Religions & Western Thought - By Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan p.341).  Refer to Jesus Christ: Artifice for Aggression - By Sita Ram Goel.

***
In understanding the methods of missionary scholars, it helps to look at the scene in Africa resulting from European colonial rule and Christian missionary activity. This will allow us to see the Aryan-Dravidian divide as almost a carbon copy.  Speaking of the Hutu-Tutsi conflict, anthropologist Jean-Pierre Langellier recently wrote in the French magazine Le Monde (reproduced in ‘Colonial Misconceptions’, Deccan Herald, November 28, 1996): 

"The idea that the Hutus and the Tutsis were physically different was first aired in the 1860s by the British explorer John Speke. The history of Rwanda (like that of much of Africa) has been distorted by Peres Blancs (or ‘White Fathers’) missionaries, academics and colonial administrators. They made the Tutsis out to be a superior race which had conquered the region and enslaved the Hutus. Missionaries taught the Hutus that historical fallacy, which was the result of racist European concept being applied to an African reality. At the end of the fifties, the Hutus used that discourse to react against the Tutsis."

The horrific Tutsi-Hutu conflicts in Africa in which millions of lives have been lost is a direct consequence of this colonial-missionary mischief. So creating dissensions using an artificial racial divide was a standard missionary tactic; we see this in operation even today in the northeastern states of India. The ‘Aryan-Dravidian’ divide was simply another application of the same tactic. So ‘divide and convert’ went hand in hand with ‘divide and rule’. The policy of ‘divide and rule’ made famous by colonial administrations owe a great deal to Christian theology and missionary activity. (Note: The origins of the Tutsi/Hutu conflicts in Rwanda traceable to Belgian colonial rule in that region. The Belgian Roman Catholic Church favored the Tutsis, admiring Tutsi leadership qualities, assuming that they could be well harnessed to serve the Church's own purposes. The church evangelized also, beginning with the Tutsis, leading more Tutsis to share in the benefits that came with associating with the colonizers' Roman Catholic culture. At the end of the war the League of Nations mandated Rwanda and its southern neighbor, Burundi, to Belgium as the territory of Ruanda-Urundi. The portion of the German territory, never a part of the Kingdom of Rwanda, was stripped from the colony and attached to Tanganyika, which had been mandated to the British. Sinhalese and Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka traceable to the English rule in Ceylon).  

In Rwanda, missionaries played a primary role in creating ethnic myths and interpreting Rwandan social organization -- not only for colonial administrators, but ultimately for the Rwandan population itself. The concepts of ethnicity developed by the missionaries served as a basis for the German and Belgian colonial policies of indirect rule which helped to transform relatively flexible pre-colonial social categories into clearly defined ethnic groups. 

Refer to Christian Churches and Genocide in Rwanda - Christianity and the Construction of Ethnicity - By Timothy Longman Vassar College). Refer to Jesus Christ: Artifice for Aggression - By Sita Ram Goel and Invasion Theories: Tools of the Destruction for the Colonists, Racists - By Saumitra Sen - indiacause.com and Hating Hindus in a 'Scholarly' Way - By Vishal Agarwal. Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com. Refer to Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress - By Howard Zinn. Watch The Bible is Bullshit - Penn & Teller examine the Bible

(source: A Hindu View of the World - By N. S. Rajaram p. 85). Refer to chapters on First Indologists and European Imperialism. Refer to Inside France's secret war in Central African Republic - By Johann Hari in Birao

Civilizational Graveyards? Modus Operandi of Christianity around the Globe
Loss of African Heritage?

Generations ago, European colonists and Christian missionaries looted Africa 's ancient treasures. Now, Pentecostal Christian evangelists - most of them Africans - are helping wipe out remaining traces of how Africans once worked, played and prayed.  

(For more refer to Christianity vs. the old gods of Nigeria - yahoonews.com September 4, 2007 and chapter on Conversion).

Racist Theory Behind Genocide in Africa

An African version of the infamous Aryan invasion theory propagated by missionaries and colonial rulers triggered the Hutu-Tutsi massacres. Most Indians are familiar with the Aryan invasion theory and its political misuse. Some are familiar also with its demolition by science, especially genetics, and the recent British admission that it was a political ploy used by them in their policy of divide and rule. While the theory has been fully discredited, some Western academics and their Indian followers are clinging to it out of concern for their academic survival. This was what was really behind the recent controversy over the California school curriculum. What most Indians, however, don’t know is that the Aryan-Dravidian racial divide was only one instance of the colonial-missionary tactic of divide and rule combined with divide and convert. This imaginary racial difference was emphasized by colonial officials during Belgian rule. The Belgian Government forced everyone to carry an identity card showing tribal ethnicity as Hutu or Tutsi. This was used in administration, in providing lands, positions, and otherwise for playing power politics based on race. This divisive politics combined with the racial hatred sowed by the invasion theory turned Rwanda-Burundi into a powder keg ready to explode.

A similar artificial division created in Africa was to have horrific consequences. The recent Hutu-Tutsi conflicts in which millions of lives were lost was a direct result of such a tactic applied by academics, colonial bureaucrats and missionaries.

It is worth noting that the period, between the two world wars, was the heyday of race theories in Europe . It seems the notion of superiority due to skin color—real or imagined as in this case—is so deeply ingrained in the European psyche that they cannot get out of it. Its politics has collapsed, not due to any dawn of enlightenment on its proponents but the defeat of Nazi Germany. It has continued however in Western academia as Indo-European Studies and other guises.

(source: Racist Theory Behind Genocide in Africa - By Pankaj Saksena). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Aryan Invasion of California – Global background

Fall of the Third Reich did not put an end to academic race theories that formed the core of its ideology. In various guises, their legacy continues in Western academia as well as in the politics of countries formerly under European rule. While avoiding overtly racial terms, scholars in disciplines like Indo-European Studies continue to uphold scientifically discredited and historically disgraced theories built around the Aryan myth. Some academics have resorted to media campaigns and political lobbying to save their theories and the discipline from natural extinction— a tactic that came to the fore when California education authorities attempted to remove these theories from their school curriculum. The legacy of racism persists in sectarian politics in South India, and most insidiously in Africa where it gave rise to the horrific Hutu-Tutsi clashes in one of the worst genocides in modern history. A singular feature of this neo-racist scholarship is the replacement of anti-Semitism by anti-Hinduism.

Mutated racism

In a remarkable article, “Aryan Mythology As Science And Ideology” (Journal of the American Academy of Religion1999; 67: 327-354) the Swedish scholar Stefan Arvidsson raises the question: “Today it is disputed whether or not the downfall of the Third Reich brought about a sobering among scholars working with 'Aryan' religions.” We may rephrase the question: “Did the end of the Nazi regime put an end to race based theories in academia?” An examination of several humanities departments in the West suggests otherwise: following the end of Nazism, academic racism may have undergone a mutation but did not entirely disappear.

History lesson: transplanting the poison tree

Why did India not go the way of Rwanda-Burundi? Not for lack of trying but because the cultural foundation of Hinduism proved too strong. It defeated the designs of politicians and propagandists masquerading as scholars. It is no coincidence that Rwanda and Burundi had been converted to Christianity, preparing the ground for sectarian conflict. Several church figures, including priests and nuns have been found guilty of complicity in the Tutsi massacres. As in India , Christianity was a colonial tool and missionaries little more than imperial agents.

Their failure in Hindu India is also what is behind the visceral anti-Hinduism of Witzel and his colleagues. It came to the fore during the recent California school controversy.

(source: Aryan Invasion of California – Global background - By N S Rajaram). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Native Americans descended from a lost tribe of Israel?

From the time he was a child in Peru, the Mormon Church instilled in Jose A. Loayza the conviction that he and millions of other Native Americans were descended from a lost tribe of Israel that reached the New World more than 2,000 years ago.

"We were taught all the blessings of that Hebrew lineage belonged to us and that we were special people," said Loayza, now a Salt Lake City attorney. "It not only made me feel special, but it gave me a sense of transcendental identity, an identity with God."A few years ago, Loayza said, his faith was shaken and his identity stripped away by DNA evidence showing that the ancestors of American natives came from Asia, not the Middle East. For Mormons, the lack of discernible Hebrew blood in Native Americans is no minor collision between faith and science. It burrows into the historical foundations of the Book of Mormon, a 175-year-old transcription that the church regards as literal and without error.

For those outside the faith, the depth of the church's dilemma can be explained this way: Imagine if DNA evidence revealed that the Pilgrims didn't sail from Europe to escape religious persecution but rather were part of a migration from Iceland — and that U.S. history books were wrong.

Critics want the church to admit its mistake and apologize to millions of Native Americans it converted. Church leaders have shown no inclination to do so. Indeed, they have dismissed as heresy any suggestion that Native American genetics undermine the Mormon creed.

(source: Bedrock of a Faith Is Jolted - By William Lobdell, Times Staff Writer 2/16/06 LA Times.com). Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com.

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Implication of Aryan Invasion Theory

According to Belgian scholar Koenraad Elst (1959 -) Dutch historian, born in Leuven, Belgium:

 "The Aryan invasion theory was used to prove that Hindus were ultimately foreigners, exactly like their "Aryan cousins" the British. This alleged foreign origin of Hinduism is widely used to delegitimize the Hindu claim on India, and back then it was also used by the British and by their Indian loyalists to justify colonization. By showing that the Hindus are mere upstarts and squatters on the land (as they themselves are in America, Australia and other places), they can set up their own claim. For then neither the Hindus nor the Europeans are indigenous and as to who should possess this land, becomes merely a matter of superior might..

For the British, it seems illogical that a backward country like India, badly in need of the White Man's civilizing mission could have brought forth the superior European culture. "Decidedly, the English did not want to affiliate themselves to "Mother India."

In this period, race theories conquered the intellectual scene, fitting neatly with the Europe-to-India scenario for the spread of Indo-European. It all fell into place: the Aryans had been white Nordic people who, with their inborn superiority, had developed a culture and technology which allowed them to subdue less advanced races: dark haired Mediterraneans and West-Asians, and dark-skinned invaders from Europe formed a complete case study of all that the upcoming racist worldview stood for.

British colonialism immediately put the emerging Aryan vision at the service of its propaganda, viz to tell the Indians that colonization by the British Aryans was but a second instance of the Aryan invasion which had made India into what it was; and that the Raj was nothing but a reunification of the oldest and the brightest branch of the Aryan family. Thus in his famous speech in 1862, Samuel Laing, Finance Minister of the Government of India, rejoiced that "the two races so long separated meet once more", though now "the younger brother has become the stronger, and takes his place as the head and protector of the family", coming to India "on a sacred mission, to stretch out the right hand of aid to our weaker brother, who once far out-stripped us, but has now fallen behind in the race."

While on one hand wooing the upper castes and North Indians with this Aryan rhetoric, the British along with the Christian missionaries also used the Aryan theory to pit the lower castes and South Indians, supposedly the progeny of the victimized non-Aryan natives, against their "Aryan fellow-countrymen. Contrary to the freedom movement, the anti-Brahmin and Dravidian movements were the fruits of British patronage. "

(source: The Saffron Swastika - By Koenraad Elst  Voice of India ISBN 8185990697 p.166 and 243-246). Refer to Petty Professorial Politicking in The Indo-Aryan Controversy - By Koenraad Elst.  Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org

Michael Witzel does mention the ethnonyms of the enemies of the Vedic Aryans, the Dasas (Iranian Daha, known to Greco-Roman authors as Daai, Dahae), Dasyus (Iranian Dahyu, “tribe”, esp. hostile nomadic tribe) and Panis (Greek Parnoi), as unmistakably the names of Iranian tribes. The identification of these tribes as Iranian has been elaborated by Asko Parpola (“The problem of the Aryans and the Soma”, in Erdosy: op.cit., p.367), and is now well- established, a development which should at least put an end to the talk of the Dasas being “the dark-skinned aboriginals enslaved by the Aryan invaders”. 

"Far from attesting an eastward movement into India, this text actually speaks of a westward movement towards Central Asia, coupled with a symmetrical eastward movement from India's demographic centre around the Saraswati basin towards the Ganga basin." 

Shrikant Talageri’s survey of the relative chronology of all Ŗgvedic kings and poets, (refer to Shrikant Talageri: The Ŗgveda, a Historical Analysis) yields a completely consistent chronology. Its main finding is that the geographical gradient of Vedic Aryan culture in its Ŗgvedic stage is from East to West. "It is easy to establish on the basis of internal evidence (the genealogy of the composers and of the kings they mention) that the 8th mandala of the Rgveda is one of the younger parts of the book. It is there (RV 8:5, 8:46, 8:56) that we find clear reference to the material culture and fauna of Afghanistan, including camels. ...What we now have is an indication that the movement went from inside India to the northwest.

(source: The Vedic Experience: The Vedic Corpus provides no evidence for the so called “Aryan Invasion” of India - By Koenraad Elst).  Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com

James Dwight Dana (1813-1895) American geologist, mineralogist, and naturalist, in his book - Manual of Geology in 1862, wrote:

"The Orient has always been the continent of progress. It is therefore in accordance with all past analogies that man should have originated on some part of the great Orient and no spot would seem to have been better fitted for man's self-distribution and self-development, than South West Asia, the center from which the three great continental divisions of Europe, Asia and Africa, radiate."

This is strengthened by the conclusions of Lord Curzon "I venture to affirm they (all languages) have sprung from Vaidik Sanskrit. The peculiarly primitive tongue of the Aryan race."

Curzon and Professor Roth further amplified this view. They hold that: "I venture to affirm that the Zend, Greek, Latin, Gothic etc. have all sprung at different periods from the Sanskrit."

Isaac Taylor ((1829-1901) English clergyman, antiquarian, and author, chiefly noted for researches in philology. In 1885, Taylor became canon of York. Taylor's Origin of the Aryans (1890) challenged the theory of Max Müller, then generally accepted, that central Asia was the cradle of the Indo-European peoples. He says on p. 39:

"The cradle of Aryans must have been in the region where Sanskrit and Zend were spoken." 

Prof. A H Keane author of Man, past and present has observed: "Man originated in the East and migrated thence to Europe."

(source: Hinduism in The Space Age - By E. Vedavyas p. 82-85).

Most archaeologists in India like Braj Basi Lal, S P Gupta or S R Rao have argued against the Aryan invasion theory.

The Aryan invasion theory has been used to promote various political agendas. British, Communist, Dravidian and dalit groups have all used it to their advantage, as have Muslim and Christian missionaries portraying the invading Aryans as the bad guys.

Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com. Refer to Vedic Roots of Early Tamil Culture - By Michel Danino. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel video. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge. Watch The Saraswati River - youtube.com. Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

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Most archaeologists in India like Braj Basi Lal, S P Gupta or S R Rao have argued similar points for several years. B B Lal  joined the Archaeological Survey in January 1946, he held charge of the Excavations Branch and participated with Sir Mortimer Wheeler in the excavations at Harappa.

At a recent conference in Los Angeles in August, sponsored by the World Association for Vedic Studies (WAVES), Lal argued convincingly the same points in an excellent paper called the 'Myth of the Aryan Invasion: Some Reflections on the Authorship of the Harappan Culture'. Unfortunately, Indian Leftists called B B Lal's recent book The Oldest Civilisation in South Asia as "academically weak and unscholarly," though he is only relating the implications of the latest archaeology. How many of these people ever read Lal's book or the related archaeological studies is debatable. 

Yet even a Communist historian in India like Romila Thapar, who previously endorsed the invasion theory has been forced to backtrack and no longer emphasises it. She recently notes in a Frontline interview: "Introducing archaeological data into historical studies also forces historians to think along interdisciplinary lines. The decline of the Indus cities is attributed to a range of causes, of which ecological change is among the major ones."

The Aryan invasion theory has been used to promote various political agendas. British, Communist, Dravidian and dalit groups have all used it to their advantage, as have Muslim and Christian missionaries portraying the invading Aryans as the bad guys and the invasion as the source of all social, political and religious problems in the country. No other theory of ancient history has been used for so much modern political and religious mileage. That such groups are blaming Hindus for politicising the issue now that it is turning against them is only hypocrisy.

(source: Indian history revisited - Rediff interview with David Frawley). Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism.

History as a Political Tool

Modern scientific tools had shown that the mighty river Saraswati existed and was not a mythical one as had been claimed. So also the river Rishadvati. 

Similar was the fallacy that the people of the Harappan civilization were unaware of maritime life. In fact, there were 150 references to the ocean in the Rigveda alone.

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David Frawley ( ? ) also known as Pandit Vamadeva Shastri the American eminent teacher and practitioner of Ayurvedic medicine has said that: 

"The Aryan Invasion Theory was propounded before archaeological excavations were carried out in undivided India. Modern scientific tools had shown that the mighty river Saraswati existed and was not a mythical one as had been claimed. So also the river Rishadvati. Similar was the fallacy that the people of the Harappan civilization were unaware of maritime life. In fact, there were 150 references to the ocean in the Rigveda alone, and these could not be dismissed as poetic imagery or symbolism. Dr. Frawley said archaeological excavations were throwing up new information, and one should not swear by what was in the textbooks written 30 or 40 years ago. The theory was imposed by Western scholars to show that India was always ruled by invaders. The fact was to the contrary. There was movement of people from India to outside, and even today, there was archaeological and linguistic evidence to show Indian influence in countries such as Iran and Central Asia, he added.

(source: India, the only former colony not to rewrite history - The Hindu). For more refer to David Frawley's article Witzel's Vanishing Ocean - How to read Vedic texts any way you like). 

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org

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Arya and Swastika 

A very crude kind of anti-Hindu propaganda, sometimes used by American Protestant sects in “warning” the youth against the dangers of Hare Krishna etc., points out that Hinduism and Nazism have a central symbol in common: the swastika. 

I have also heard the comparison from Ambedkarites who, taking V T Rajshekhar’s lead, systematically refer to Hindus as “Hindu Nazis.” 

It may of interest to know that the swastika is just as much a central symbol in Buddhism, Ambedkar’s chosen religion. In China, the swastika is known as a Buddhist symbol. The swastika is quite a Santana symbol, not bound up with any nation or ideology. It is also found among people outside the Hindu sphere of influence. 

The word swastika comes from su-asti, “it is good”, as in the Sanskrit greeting Pratah Swasti, “good morning”. So swastika means “auspicious maker” or “sign of auspiciouness”. What the swastika visually depicts, is the solar cycle, be it during the day or during the year. It shows the circular movement at the four cardinal points: sunrise, sunset, midnight; or spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, winter solstice. As such it is shorthand for the Zodiac as well as for all macrocosmic and microcosmic cycles. It signifies the completeness as well as the dynamics of the Whole. Being primarily a solar symbol, it is normally painted in solar colors, like red, saffron or gold; while the Nazi swastika was black. 

Like the swastika, the term Arya, which is rather central in Hindu tradition and more so in Nazism, is in need of rehabilitation. Of course, the term does not indicate a race, but a quality of character. When Gautam Buddha gives a short formulation of his teachings, he calls it the Arya Satyani, the four “Noble” Truths. 

If the secularist have been inhibited about the use of the word “Arya” as proving the “fascist” character of Hinduism, it is partly because of this terminology used by Buddha, the hero of their mythical anti-Brahmin revolution. 

(source: Ayodhya and After: Issues Before Hindu Society - By Koenraad Elst  p. 260 - 262). Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com.

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Politics of History - India's past has been held hostage by Marxists

"You don't change the course of history by turning the faces of portraits to the wall."  ~ Jawaharlal Nehru

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Subramanian Swamy (1939 -  )  He is also a reputed economist and worked as Assistant Economic Affairs Officer, United Nations Secretariat, New York in 1963. He worked with two Nobel laureates, Simon Kuznets and Paul A. Samuelson for his doctorate in economics at the Harvard University, awarded in 1965. He was a faculty at Harvard in 1964 and has been teaching there off and on for 12 years with the latest stint completed in 2005. He is acknowledged as an authority on comparative studies of India and China. He is also well-versed in the Mandarin Chinese (Hanyu) language. He was Professor of Economics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi from 1969.

He is the President of the Janata Party has recently challenged Romila Thapar: 

"While denying that she ever argued that Aryan was a racial term, she goes on to say that it was the language of those who migrated to India from abroad in a "graduated" way. Who were they? Is she arguing that they were racially the same as Indians or different? And who graduated the migration? ? She should be explicit. 

Obviously that is not being taught at JNU. Aryan is a German version of the Sanskrit word "Arya," which means a gentleman, while Dravida is a word coined by Adi Shankara while at Varanasi to mean a person from the south."

(source: Swamy's reply - hindu.com - March 24 2004). Refer to Distortion of Indian History and School Textbooks.  Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Britannia, a lion at her feet, examines a string of pearls she has taken from a cushion held up by an Indian woman.

Soon India would be depicted as a naked black female submissively offering her rich jewels to Britannia.

  India now entered in the cataclysmic epoch which has left few native cultures of the world intact – the era of colonialism. The Indians, bearers of the world’s oldest civilizations were treated like children by people who thought themselves as superior race.

(image source: British Library. Refer to India: Empire of the Spirit - By Michael Wood).

  Refer to Defaming of Hinduism-I – By V Sundaram – newstodaynet.com and Defaming of Hinduism-II – By V Sundaram – newstodaynet.com.  For more on Christian Intolerance refer to chapters on The Goa Inquisition, European Imperialism, Conversion, and First Indologists.  Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com. Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee.

***

To undermine the corporate Hindu identity the theory was first concocted by the British Imperialists and then taught for decades after Independence to captive students by Romila Thapar and her cohorts.

But the media has been manipulated in India to permit Thapar now to somersault and to maintain that she had never believed in the theory or in similar junk she had taught such as that Samrat Asoka was the grandson of a Greek woman and hence he had inherited as a little boy his iconoclast temper from lessons learnt on his grandma’s lap! But she and her ilk have not been made accountable despite being discovered.

(source: Media is a tool of anti-Hindu conspiracy - By Subramanian Swamy). Also refer to ‘Aryan invasion theory is British-created falsehood’ - sify.com.

Refer to Eminent Historians: Their Technology, Their Line, Their Fraud is a book by Arun Shourie. - The book explains how a group of academic historians, of Marxist persuasion, has been tweaking Indian history and also lining its own pockets in the process.

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Immaculate Deception?

Appointment of a Marxist historian to Kluge Chair - Playing to the Western gallery?

"Indian intellectuals look to the West with and adulation that is often blind, if not obsequious."

                              - observes David Frawley the American teacher and practitioner of Ayurvedic medicine.

According to a petition started by B. Parker:  "It is a great travesty that Romila Thapar has been appointed the first holder of the Kluge Chair in Countries and Cultures of the South at the Library of Congress. In regards to India, she is an avowed antagonist of India's Hindu civilization. As a well-known Marxist, she represents a completely Euro-centric world view.

Writing politically correct history - Getting awards from America

Evangelical West's Neo colonial Sepoys

Stalinist hatchet job of disinformation on Indian History

This award will satisfy the evangelical constituency that wishes to extirpate Hinduism and the Islamic Jihadists who assert historical legitimacy for their claims to imperial dominion over India and regularly pursue it by murderous ventures that emulate Nazi pogroms against Jews and Slavs.

***

Romila Thapar a well-known Indian historian and staunch believer in the Aryan invasion theory represents a completely Euro-centric world view of Indian history.

"Whites appoint Indian proxies to let them pull strings from behind the scenes, but through such intermediaries, they impose their epistemologies, institutional controls, awards and rewards, all in the name of universal thought."

Refer to Dialog on Whiteness Studies - By Rajiv Malhotra - sulekha.com. Refer to Romila Thapar’s Kluge Prize – By Dr. Gautam Sen - vigilonline.com

Note: Romila Thapar loftily declined the native Padma Bhusan, but a million dollar prize, effectively the same kind of state award she found unpalatable, from the racist sponsors of mass murder is apparently another matter.  It is no surprise to see that Romila Thaper recieved a Kluge prize for her work which undermines Hindu Civilization. The library of Congress librarian, James H. Billington has impeccable evangelical credentials and he had the final say in choosing the awardee. Billington is on the Board of the Center for Theological Inquiry (Theology Today) and was long time advisor for Theology Today. Instead of getting awed by these awards these awardees should be looked at as neo colonial sepoys. Romilla Thapar received the American kluge prize for study of humanity - She is credited with creating a new pluralistic view of the Indian civilization ?  Refer to the chapter on Glimpses XXII and Islamic Onslaught

Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Watch video - The Myth of Aryan invasion theory - Part I and Part II and Part III and Myth of Aryan Dravidian Divide and Dwaraka - A Lost City of Lord Sri Krishna. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge. Watch The Saraswati River - youtube.com. Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee. Watch video - Intellectual Terrorism and Subversion in polity – By Radha Rajan. Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

***

She completely disavows that India ever had a history. Just as the Europeans discredited the American Indian's land claims by ignoring that they represented a unique civilization with a wholesome variety of distinct linguistic and cultural traits, Thapar has long expounded the same ignorant view of India's unique history and civilization. Romila Thapar claims to be an expert on Vedic India; when she does not know a single word of Sanskrit.  It is certainly absurd that she was made a professor of ancient Indian history at JNU. 

Why waste our American resources on a Marxist ideological assault on Hindu civilization? Hinduism is the world's most ancient, ongoing and largest cultural phenomenon. Such a long lived civilization surely has a lot to teach the world. So why support its denigration?" It is ironic as well as disturbing that a movement which still swears by Lenin and Stalin, is hailed in Western universities as the guardian of a civil polity against the encroaching barbarism of Hindu revivalism."

(source: http://www.petitiononline.com/108india/petition.html). Refer to A Dictionary of Marxist Thought - By Tom Bottomore. Also refer to Communismwatch and cpmterror.

Secular Politics Communal Agenda
Writing Politically correct Histories?

The Indian history writing has never been an easy task because the beginning itself was motivated by the political considerations and religious constraints, rather than driven by the principles of historiography.  This necessarily encouraged historians to distort the history of India so as to fit in certain ideological and religious framework.  Entire history written by colonial, ideologically and politically motivated historians is witness to it and victim of it.  Since the independence of India a new approach has become fashionable i.e. writing of 'politically correct history'.  The entire history wiring has now been reduced to 'secular' history and 'communal' history.  In the process, the sacredness of primary evidence and importance of original sources have become a major casualty.  To push their agenda and to write 'politically correct history', historians have resorted to hiding away the facts, ignoring the facts.  Their sole agenda is to prove their viewpoint wedded to their political ideology and its usefulness in the immediate battle in politics.  This approach is as visible as daylight in the writings dealing with almost all periods of history, including the freedom struggle and the partition of the country.  The last sixty years history of independent India has been dealt with even more callously. 

(source: Secular Politics Communal Agenda: A History of Politics in India from 1860 to 1953 - By Prof Makkhan Lal). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

"Anything but Sarasvati please!"

"What Thapar fails to mention, rather conveniently, is that large sections of very influential Hindus of that period, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo for example, as well as several academics like A. C. Das, had opposed AIT. 

Today, several archeological excavations have established that there has been no Aryan invasion or break in India's civilization. Yet, it is the historians of the Marxist school of India, like Thapar, who still continue to propagate the myth of AIT. The discovery of numerous archeological sites on the banks of the erstwhile Sarasvati, about which the Vedas talk in glorious terms doesn't merit any attention in her book. There is no mention about such things as the mapping of the paleo channels of the Vedic Sarasvati.

Dried bed of the mighty Saraswati river.

Yet, it is the historians of the Marxist school of India, like Thapar, who still continue to propagate the myth of AIT. 

The discovery of numerous archeological sites on the banks of the erstwhile Sarasvati, about which the Vedas talk in glorious terms doesn't merit any attention in her book. There is no mention about such things as the mapping of the paleo channels of the Vedic Sarasvati.

Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

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Kot Diji belonged to the Regionalization Era[27] of IVC/SSC. This phase was the final critical one that led to the formation of urban centers. This phase thrived between 3300 BCE and 2600 BCE. Assuming that the invading Aryans were the destroyers, as Thapar implies, one must then accept the presence of the Aryans in IVC/SSC even before its Mature [i.e. urban] Phase had started. The Marxist historians defiantly claim that the Aryans invaded India only towards the end of the Mature Phase of IVC, which is around 1900 BCE.[29] If that were the case, how could the Aryans have been the destroyers of the Kot Diji settlement?"

(source: Romila Thapar's 'Ancient India' [2002] – A Review by Kalavai Venkat - indiastar.com).  

Far from being merely an academic exercise, though, Aryan Race Theory is in fact the brainchild of Christian evangelist-scholars, fashioned and tempered in the nineteenth century as a weapon for European expansionism in India. Promulgated to generations of Indian children in British-created schools, it created, like so many other Western creeds and dogmas, social divisions where none had hitherto existed, resulting in jealousy, mistrust, and suspicion among communities where peaceful coexistence had been the norm. This theory, which posits the invasion of ancient India by a white-skinned race (the "Aryans") who conquer an indigenous, dark-skinned population, therefore worked ingeniously with the British divide-and-conquer strategy for rule in India. The theory and its variants continue to be used today by the Vatican and other Christian enterprises in their campaign to "harvest" tribals and other vulnerable communities of Hindus. For these spiritual imperialists, spurious racial theories still hold their divide-and-conquer appeal. 

(source: The Missionary's Swastika: Racism as an Evangelical Weapon- By Aravindan Neelakandan.S).  

Our Voice in History

Western scholars condescendingly set the rules of the games

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We don’t quite get it, the first globalized civilization was in India .

“The Indus Valley civilization dwarfed Egypt and Mesopotamia in area and population, surpassed them in many areas of engineering and was aggressive in globalization 5000 years back.” 

These are words from Andrew Lawler’s lead article in the June 2008 issue of Science magazine which had Indus Civilization as the cover story .

Previously archaeologists believed that Indus people got their ideas from Mesopotamia and was a civilization without deep roots, but as per new evidence, Indus evolved from the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Baluchistan . Archaeology has also found evidence of occupation in Harappa dating to 3700 B.C.E and in Farmana in India to 3500 B.C.E.

Writing about the religious beliefs of the Indus people, Lawler mentions that the proto-Shiva seal has fuelled speculation that the religious tradition of Indus helped lay the basis for Hinduism. While there are questions to be answered on their language, religion and form of government, decades of archaeology has changed the image of Indus from a xenophobic and egalitarian society to one which was vibrant and complex.

Though the article was fairly balanced covering excavations in Harappa, Baluchistan, and Kot Diji in Pakistan and Farmana, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi and Kalibangan in India , it had the usual western hatchet job, blaming Indian archaeologists for using Hindu texts as a guide. This is a no-no, we are told, because (a) it is inflammatory to the Pakistanis and (b) India has a large Muslim population.

The article has other issues too. Drought, as a reason for the demise of Indus , is scoffed at while many other reasons, including “change in a society that they say emphasized water-related rituals” is offered as an alternative. The western scholars quoted in the article themselves admit their theories are pure speculation, but the drying up of Ghaggar-Hakra around 1900 B.C.E is ignored, since it would involve a reference to the Rig Veda.

As Western scholars condescendingly set the rules of the games — a very different one from that practised in their own research centers — we need to evaluate what can be done. Whining about unfairness can be cathartic, but it does not solve the problem.

Different Standards and Inept Government

We too should not indulge in speculative archaeology, but first Indian archaeologists and scholars need to be unapologetic about knowing the scriptures and using them for clues.

Sadly this attitude cannot be taken by people who work for government funded institutions like the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and Universities. The Saraswati Heritage Project was canned by the government since it was seen as an attempt to push the antiquity of Indian civilization. 

(If these people were around in 1921, they would have halted archaeology at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa which pushed the antiquity of Indian civilization by many millennia).

Recently the Government of India cut funding for a major Sanskrit program in schools because - it is getting tad repetitive - India has a large Muslim population and there was a fear that it would instill religious and cultural pride among students. In such an atmosphere, it would be naive to expect the government to lead the battle in understanding our history. Instead of wasting time writing letters to ministers, we might be better off digging in our own backyard for Painted Grey Ware.  

Colonial politics is still alive and any divarication is branded as nationalism.  

An Inept Indian government - The Saraswati Heritage Project was canned by the government since it was seen as an attempt to push the antiquity of Indian civilization. 

If these people were around in 1921, they would have halted archaeology at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa which pushed the antiquity of Indian civilization by many millennia. 

Refer to Conference on Sindhu-Saraswati civilization and Nalanda International. 

Watch New Discoveries on India 's History

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The second problem is mentioned in the Lawler’s article itself. Indian archaeologists have done excellent work, like R. S. Bisht in Dholavira and Vasant Shinde in Farmana, but they are slow to publish and collaborate. Bisht’s work has revealed “monumental and aesthetic architecture, a large stadium and an efficient water-management system”, but has largely been unpublished. The lack of data from people who had first access to the location helps in sustaining myths about the civilization.

Solutions

There is an urgent need to create institutions where scholarship is free of bureaucracy and political interference. One such institution — the Indus Heritage Center — funded by the Global Heritage Fund is coming up in Vadodara. Besides starting a Smithsonian class center in India , the center also plans to popularize the findings of Deccan College , the Department of Archaeology of Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda and the Archaeological Survey of India.

There have been xenophobic comments regarding this institution due to the involvement of western professors, even though the professors don’t believe in the Aryan Invasion theory. The fear is that they will be applying western frameworks on our history resulting in misinterpretation.

But instead of complaining about west, it is time we adopted some of their techniques for popularizing history. Building a Smithsonian style museum is an insuperable problem for the cash strapped ASI which can barely manage the monuments under its care. The Indus Heritage Center model where private donors in association with various colleges build research centers in which native interpretation of history can happen should be considered. Right now there are few sincere individuals who are involved in correcting Western biases; their efforts are exemplary but not sufficient to make an impact.

Past many decades of research have found no archaeological evidence for the Aryan Invasion theory. It has been discredited through genetic research as well. The demise of Indus valley is understood to be due to hydrological changes.

Still, pick up a book like Karen Armstrong (1946 - ) The Great Transformation: The Beginning of Our Religious Traditions, which is used as text book in graduate courses, and you will find that colonial politics is still alive and any divarication is branded as nationalism.

One Indus Heritage Center cannot change such entrenched ideas. To give the megaphone to differing voices, more Indus Heritage Centers which are financially secure are required. This dovetails into the larger debate about the need to free higher education and research from government control and facilitate an atmosphere where private capital can provide funding. With such freedom, scholars would be able to delve into research as they see fit, instead of surrendering to artificial political fears.

Five thousand years back our ancestor living in the Indus Valley sailed across the vast Arabian sea in reed boats with cotton sails and made the best of the Bronze age globalized world. It would be a shame, if we did not show even a fraction of their ingenuity in making our voice heard in a debate about our history.

(source: Our Voice in History - By Jayakrishnan Nair - varnam.org).

World Owes Its Religions, Science And Culture,To The Vedas

Author Joy Sen, senior teacher (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur), in the institute’s architecture department, has challenged the theory that the Indian civilisation started with the Indus Valley age, and said it actually began with the Vedic age (read Aryans).

“It was the Aryans who moved to Persia, from there went to Turkey and finally were the first citizens of Greece.’’ 

“The celebrated philosopher Plato and mathematician Pythagoras were actually of Aryan origin. The latter even came to India to learn Vedic concepts of numbers that we know as Vedic mathematics today,’’ Sen told TOI. “The numerals zero and one have come from the Vedic concepts of ‘sunya’ and ‘adwaita’. Not only numbers, even computational mathematics that the world follows today owes its origin to India. The words algebra, geometry and trigonometry are derived from Vedic mathematical concepts of ‘aljabura’, ‘trikonomatra’ and ‘jyamity’,’’ the book says.

(source: World Owes Its Religions, Science And Culture,To The Vedas - By Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Jeffrey Armstrong has spent the last 30 years studying Vedanta, Yoga, Tantra and Mantra practices.  For the last 15 years he has been a corporate executive and speaker for Fortune 500 companies. He has degrees in Psychology, Literature and Comparative Religion. He has written:

"Thirty years ago, when I began my spiritual journey, I was studying English literature, and if you study English literature you will be taught that English and all of the romance languages of Europe can be traced back to the Latin, and then from the Latin back to the Greek.  Modern Western history teaches us that the trail mysteriously stops at that point in time, although it is a well-known fact that the ancient Greeks sat at the feet of the Egyptians and the Babylonians.  So when India was discovered by the West a few centuries ago there was a clash of cultures over the origins of human civilisation.  The West held a viewpoint of time that ended with the Greeks whereas the East, and India in particular, spoke of a time span of well over fifty thousand years. The Western vision simply could not accommodate this understanding.  So they made up a story to explain away this anomaly.  When people from the West colonized India and began to study the Indian culture, they established a chair of Sanskrit at Oxford University called the Boden chair. The main function of the Boden chair of Sanskrit was to translate the Bible into Sanskrit.

The people who studied Sanskrit then went to India and occupied various ministerial posts within the British Government, and they began to study the Vedas.  As they began studying, they discovered that Sanskrit was the mother language for both Greek and for Latin and, in fact, for all the romance languages of Europe. This discovery gave rise to the modern science of Linguistics.  The classification of modern languages was only made possible by an understanding of Sanskrit.

This revelation caused a problem because at that time India was a colony of the British.  As one of my professors used to say, 

“You refer to India as the sub-continent, but could you tell me exactly what it is sub too?”  Of course, the saying was intended to imply subordinate to Her Majesty the Queen.  It was a bit of an embarrassment to run into a culture that not only claimed that its history went back fifty or sixty thousand years, but that it was also the basis for your own language and literature!  The British couldn’t accept this and so the scholars of the time made up a theory, which said that there was a group of people called the Aryans, who lived in the Steppes of Russia, and this horseback riding people rode into India one thousand five hundred years ago with these books called the Vedas under their arms.  Unfortunately, what they did not take into account was the fact that the Vedas contained astronomical calculations that went back seven thousand years!  Now there is no instance or evidence of a horseback riding culture having observatories who watched the stars over a period of seven thousand years.  Nevertheless, Western scholars overlooked this inconsistency and believed the theory that the Aryans came riding into India and conquered the dark skinned Dravidians with their superior technology and their superior wisdom. "

(source: The Greatness of the Vedas - by Jeffrey Armstrong). Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org. Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism

Unsettling for Europeans?

It is unsettling for Europeans to consider that a predominately dark-skinned Asian community could have preceeded the west and established the basic fundamentals of organized society. The birthplace of writing, forever tied with cuneiform script found on clay tablets in Mesopotamia, may have proved to be an ingenious copy of another, far earlier innovation. The archaeological evidence for an ancient civilization of far antiquity, and a stupendous level of sophistication is clearly at hand here. There is no doubt in this author’s mind that further revelations await archaeologists in the not so distant future.

(source: Beyond the Holy Land - Indus Valley - By Patrick C. Chouinard - Christianarchaeology. com Sunday, July 22, 2007). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Deffronization or Secular Obscurantism?  

" Anybody Questioning the validity of Aryan Invasion theory is randomly dubbed as a “Hindu Nationalist"

***

N. S. Rajaram (1943 - ) is a mathematician, computer scientist and linguist and historian of science. He has taught in several universities in the United States. Since 1984 he has been an advisor to the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA). He has written:

"History texts, like all textbooks, should be periodically updated. But discredited old models should not be revived behind slogans.

‘Saffronization’ has no meaning.

There is now a heated outcry — it can’t really be called a debate — by some “eminent historians” for desaffronizing history textbooks written under the previous administration. Supposedly, the NCERT texts written when Dr Murli Manohar Joshi was the HRD Minister give an overly Hindu perspective on history. This is what these eminent historians are calling “saffronization,” which they want eliminated. Does this charge have any substance? I cannot speak for medieval or modern history, but as far as ancient Indian civilization goes, the term “saffronization” is meaningless, because Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma (and its offshoots like Buddhism) is the only source we have to serve as framework for interpreting ancient texts and archaeology.. 

To “desaffronize”, are we to read the Vedas as Christian scripture or treat Harappan remains as Islamic monuments?

This is the kind of absurdity we land into when we substitute slogans for facts and reason. A more subtle example is the misrepresentation of the word Arya and the nature of the Aryan civilization. These eminent historians, led by Irfan Habib, charge that suggesting an indigenous origin for the Aryan civilization somehow constitutes “saffronization.” So, according to this eminent historian, and others of his school, we should attribute the Aryan civilization — which is more properly called the Vedic civilization (including its offshoots) — to foreign migrants. 

This is nothing but the revival of the discredited, divisive colonial model based on the infamous Aryan invasion theory. This colonial offspring is now the favored child of the Secularist brigade."

Hidden motives

This gives a clue to the real motive behind the cry for “desaffronization”: to revive the discredited old model of the Aryan invasion, now being repackage as Aryan migration. The goal is the same— to make the Vedic civilization non-Indian in origin and keep it separated from Harappan archaeology. These ‘eminent historians’ hide the fact that this division— attributing the Harappan civilization to the Dravidians and the Vedic language and literature to the invading Aryans served British colonial interests. 

In fact, the British made no secret of their goal to present themselves as the later and “better” brothers of the original Aryans who invaded India. 

Here is what Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of Great Britain, once said in the House of Commons (1929):

“Ages and ages ago, there sat, side by side, the ancestors of the English, Rajputs and Brahmins. Now, after ages, …the two branches of the great Aryan ancestry have again been brought together by Providence…. By establishing British rule in India, God said to the British, ‘I have brought you and the Indians together after a long separation, not in order that you should lord over them, or that you should exploit them, but in order that should recognize your kinship with them…. It is your duty to raise them to their own level as quickly as possible, and work together; brothers as you are, for the evolution of humanity….’ ”

Needless to say the Aryan civilization of ancient India is not the same as the ‘Aryan civilization’ concocted by such characters, any more than of the Nazis who also claimed to be Aryans. India’s ‘eminent historians’ who came to dominate the scene after Independence rarely took issue with this disgraceful chapter in Indian historiography. And now they are raising the cry of “saffronization,” as a new generation of scholars has gone on to rubbish this European fabrication still favored by Secularist worthies, especially the ‘eminent historians.’

(source: Deffronization or Secular Obscurantism? - By N.S. Rajaram - hinduunity.com). Refer to The Real Eve : Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa -  By Stephen Oppenheimer.

Refer to Out of India Theory - wikipedia.org. Refer to chapters on First Indologists and European Imperialism. Refer to Jesus Christ: Artifice for Aggression - By Sita Ram Goel and Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com.

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Voices of Dissent

"All history becomes subjective; in other words there is properly no history, only biography." 

- Ralph Waldo Emerson in Essays: History.

***

All kinds of divisive forces have jumped on to the Aryan Invasion theory as the perfect tool to cut slices out of Hindu society and out of the Indian state. This theory became the basis of attempts to pit "Dravidians" against "Aryans", high castes against low castes, tribals against mainstream Hindus, Vedic orthodoxy "imposed by the foreign invaders" against heterodox sects "which emerged as a native reaction against the Aryan occupiers". It was also used to neutralize Hindu criticism of the Islamic occupation, as "Hindus themselves have entered the same way the Muslims have". Till today, Christian, Islamic, Marxist and "secularist" forces continue to promote the theory and make propagandistic capital out of it.

(source: Indigenous Indians : Agastya to Ambedkar - By Koenraad Elst p. 1-2).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

The French archaeologist Salomon Reinach (1858-1932) a Hebrew scholar and critic, first published work was a translation of Arthur Schopenhauer's Essay on Free Will (1877). 

Writing in 1892 at the height of the Aryan myth, was perhaps the first to reject the very notion of an Aryan race:

"To speak of an Aryan race of three thousand years ago is to put forward a gratuitous hypothesis; but to speak of it as if it still existed today is quite simply absurd." 

(source: Saloman Reinach, quoted by Leon Poliakov in The Aryan Myth, p. 344 (French original). The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar p. 50 - 51). 

Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779-1859) was one of the first dissenters. He was aware of the kinship in language between Sanskrit and European tongues, but found the theory of their "spread from a central point...a gratuitous assumption." In his History of India, 1841, he observed, "Neither in the Vedas, nor in any book...is there any allusion to a prior residence ....out of India...There is no reason whatever for thinking that the Hindus ever inhabited any country but their present one."

(source: Quoted by Devandra Swarup in "Genesis of the Aryan Race Theory and Its Application to Indian History" op. cit. p. 33. The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar p. 50-51). 

Lord Elphinstone, one of the early historians of India, writes exploding the myth of the Aryan culture:

"It is opposed to their foreign origin, that neither in the code of Manu nor I believe in the Vedas, nor in any book that is certainly older than the code, is there any allusion to a prior residence or to a knowledge of more than the name of any country out of India. Even mythology goes no further than the Himalayan chain in which is fixed, the habitation of Gods. It is unthinkable and beyond all canons of logic and common sense that the Hindus had forgotten their original home even at the time of the composition of the earliest Vedas. Christians look to Jerusalem for the origin of their religion, Muslims to Arabia, and Jews to Palestine, but the Hindus have all their sacred places within India itself. If they really had come from outside India, they should have some place of pilgrimage like Mecca or Benares."

"To say that it (emigration) spread from a central point is a gratuitous presumption and even contrary to analogy for emigration and civilization have not spread in a circle but from east to west."

Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618) English sea captain, writer and court favorite of Queen Elizabeth I, in his 'History of the World' strongly suggests that the Paradise of the Bible was in India, as according to Hindu hypothesis regarding the locality of the nursery for rearing mankind, 'India was the first planted and peopled countries after the flood (p. 99). This book was held in high esteem at that time. Both Cromwell and John Locke recommended his book. 

(source: The Aryan Hoax: That Dupes The Indians - By Paramesh Choudhary p.226 and Hinduism in The Space Age - By E. Vedavyas p. 82-83 and 108-109).

Two years later, the German Sanskritist Hermann Jacobi based his objections on astronomical data in the Rig-Veda, which he found pointed clearly to a date between 4500 and 2500 B.C. Jacobi inferred that the Rig-Veda could not be more recent that this last date, in contradiction with the invasionist school. A later German scholar, Moritz Winternitz, agreed with the date of 2500 BC on literary grounds: "We cannot explain the development of the whole of this great (Sanskrit) literature if we assume as late a date as round about 1200 BC or 1500 BC as its starting point."

British scholar F. E. Pargiter in his  Ancient Indian Historical Tradition yet his inquiry into historical data from the Puranas led him, in 1972, to conclusions opposite to the accepted theories. With a rare commonsense, he first noted that 

"there is a strong presumption in favor of (Indian) tradition; if anyone contests tradition, the burden lies on him to show that it is wrong." 

He also observed, with dry humor: " Indian tradition knows nothing whatever of the Aryans' invasion of India through the north-west....All this copious tradition was falsely fabricated, and the truth has been absolutely lost, if the current theory is right; is that probable? If all this tradition is false, why, how, and in whose interests was it all fabricated.?"

Pargiter went even further, for he was convinced that Indian tradition clearly recorded "an outflow of people from India before the fifteenth century BC." and thought that the Iranians may have been an offshoot from India." He pertinently observed that in the famous nadi sukta, the Rig Veda lists rivers of the subcontinent from east to west, and remarked: "If the Aryans had entered India from the north-west, and had advanced eastward through the Punjab only as far as the Saraswati or Jumna when the Rigvedic hymns were composed, it is very surprising that the hymn arranges the rivers, not according to their progress, but reversaly from the Ganges which they had hardly reached. 

" Imam me gange yamune sarasvati sutudri stomam sacata parusnaya asiknya marudvrdhe vitastayarjikiye srnuhya susomaya "  (x 75.05)

O Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Sutudri (Sutlej), Parushini (Ravi), hear my praise!

Listen to my call, Asikni (Chenab), Marudvridha (Maruvardhvan), Vitasta (Jhelum) with Arjikiya, Sushoma (Sohan). 

Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (1887-1975), British biologist and author, who achieved renown both as a scientist and for his ability to make scientific concepts clear to the public through his writings. He served as the first director-general of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Huxley was knighted in 1958. 

He warned against the Aryan Invasion Theory long ago: 

"In 1848 the young German scholar Friedrich Max Muller (1823-1900) settled in Oxford. ...About 1853, he introduced into English usage the unlucky term Aryan as applied to a large group of languages. ...Moreover, Max Muller threw another apple of discord. He introduced a proposition that is demonstrably false. He spoke not only of a definite Aryan language and its descendants, but also of a corresponding 'Aryan race'. The idea was rapidly taken up both in Germany and in England."

(source: Caste and Science: Hot Air and Cold Fusion - By N. S. Rajaram).

Writing as far back as 1939, Huxley, one of the great natural scientists of the century, observed: 

"In England and America the phrase 'Aryan race' has quite ceased to be used by writers with scientific knowledge, though it appears occasionally in political and propagandist literature. In Germany, the idea of the 'Aryan' race received no more scientific support than in England. Nevertheless, it found able and very persistent literary advocates who made it appear very flattering to local vanity. It therefore steadily spread, fostered by special conditions."

(source: Origins Of The Aryan Dravidian Divide - By N. S. Rajaram).

Yet one of the loudest European voices against the whole Aryan construct was none other than Max Muller, one of its chief creators! In 1888, forty years after he had first hammered the concept of an Aryan race, he conceded that "the home of the Aryans" could not be pinpointed more precisely than "somewhere in Asia." 

He flatly denied having ever spoken of an Aryan race:

"I have declared again and again that if I say Aryas, I mean neither blood nor bones, nor hair nor skull; I mean simply those who speak an Aryan language...To me an ethnologist who speaks of Aryan race, Aryan blood, Aryan eyes and hair, is a great a sinner as a linguist who speaks of a dolichocephalic dictionary or a brachycephalic grammar."

Max Muller also disowned the short chronology he himself had arbitrarily fixed for Indian scriptures, a chronology still in vogue today among Western Indologists. 

(source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar p. 29-30). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge

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Indian Protests

"In the dogmatic rigid world of Western academic philosophy, rarely are outsiders (namely Indian scholars) fully appreciated."

***

Swami Dayananda Saraswati (1824-1883) was perhaps the first Indian to dispute the Aryan myth: 

"In none of the Sanskrit of history textbooks," he wrote, "has it been stated that the Aryans came from Iran, vanquished the aborigines...and became rulers." 

He stressed that the word arya referred in the Veda to a moral or inner quality, not to any race or people, and insisted that India was Aryavarta, the home of the Aryans- a word he used purely in its original sense of "Vedic Indians."

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was the one who was quick to see through the gaps in the Aryan edifice. In a lecture in the U.S.A., he remarked scornfully: 

"And what your European Pandits say about the Aryans swooping down from some foreign lands snatching away the land of aborigines and settling in India by exterminating them, is pure nonsense, foolish talk. Strange that our Indian scholars too say "Amen" to them." 

In another lecture, this time in India, he was in a more sarcastic mood, but mercilessly to the point:

"Our European archaeologist dreams of India being full of dark-eyed aborigines, and the bright Aryans came from - the Lord knows where. According to some they came from Central Tibet, others will have it that they came from Central Asia... Of late, there was an attempt made to prove that the Aryans lived on the Swiss lakes. I should not be sorry if they had been all drowned there, theory and all." 

(The contrast between civilized and barbaric is known in ancient Greece, where the term barbaroi was coined, - meaning "babblers" semantically akin to Sanskrit, mrdhravak and mlechchha. Similar concepts existed in imperial China, in colonial Europe, and also in Hindu India: arya, "civilized, participating in the Vedic culture", vs. anaraya or mlechchha).

Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950) - The first systematic refutation of the Aryan invasion theory had to wait until Sri Aurobindo.

"So great is the force of attractive generalizations and widely popularized errors that all the world goes on perpetuating the blunder talking of the Indo-European races, claiming or disclaiming Aryan kinship and building on that basis of falsehood the most far-reaching political, social or pseudo-scientific conclusions." How prophetic, if we consider that this was written some twenty years before the growth of Nazism with its claims to "Aryan kinship." 

"...the Teutonic sin of forming a theory in accordance with their prejudices and then finding facts or manufacturing inferences to support it."

(source: On the Mahabharata - By Sri Aurobindo  - Aurobindo Ashram Pondicherry. 1991 p. 10).

Refer to Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America - By Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio de Nicolas and Aditi Banerjee.

In his Secret of the Veda, Sri Aurobindo called on Indians not to be

"haunted by the unfortunate misconstruction of the Veda which European scholarship has imposed on the modern mind." "The indications in the Veda on which this theory of a recent Aryan invasion is built, are very scanty in quantity and uncertain in their significance. There is no actual mention of such an invasion..." 

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891 - 1956) also offered his views:

He concluded: "the Brahmins and the Untouchables belong to the same race."

Only one among our great political leaders saw through the hollowness of the Aryan theory. 

In his book Who were the Shudras? in 1946 B. R. Ambedkar famous for his work on the Indian Constitution, as well as his campaign in support of the Harijans, studied the Vedas. He devoted a complete chapter - Shudras versus Aryans -to an examination of the issue. 

Citing extensively the Vedic sources which suggest that the distinction between an Arya and Dasa/Dasyu was not a racial distinction of color and physiognomy and thus the origin of Sudra could not have anything to do with race, Ambedkar conclusion are unequivocal, though regrettably they are largely ignored. This is what he said:

"The theory of invasion is an invention. This invention is necessary because of a gratuitous assumption that the Indo-Germanic people are the purest of the modern representation of the original Aryan race. The theory is perversion of scientific investigation. It is not allowed to evolve out of facts. On the contrary, the theory is preconceived and facts are selected to prove it. It falls to the ground at every point. '

Dr. Ambedkar concludes:

1. "The Vedas do not know any such race as the Aryan race.
2. There is no evidence in the Vedas of any invasion of India by the Aryan race and its having conquered the Dasas and Dasyus supposed to be the natives of India.
3. There is no evidence to show that the distinction between Aryans, Dasas and Dasyus was a racial distinction.
4. The Vedas do not support the contention that the Aryans were different in color from the Dasas and Dasyus....."

"If anthropometry is a science which can be depended upon to determine the race of a people...(then its) measurements establish that the Brahmins and the Untouchables belong to the same race. From this it follows that if the Brahmins are Aryans the Untouchables are also Aryans. If the Brahmins are Dravidians, the Untouchables are also Dravidians...." 

Ambedkar was aware of the hold of this theory over the masses and scholars alike. He offered a succinct explanation. 

"why the Aryan race theory is not dead because of the general insistence by European scholars that the word varna, means color and the acceptance of that view by a majority..."

"The British were visualized as being the last of the invaders in a chain beginning with the Aryans. He could clearly see the implications of such ill-founded hypotheses which colonial Indology imposed on India and which Indian scholars went on repeating ad nauseam. 

(source: The Invasion That Never Was - By Michel Danino and Sujata Nahar and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches. Reprint of Pakistan or The Partition of India. Education Department. Government of Maharashtra 1990 Vol. 7 p.302). Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism.

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Challenging the infallible façade of Western scholarship 

Ramchandra Bapuji Jadhav Rao (1880) voiced his incredulity at the opinions of his day in the Theosophist (Puzzles for the Philologists,1880 volume 1 March p 161): 

“We are told that the Aryan family, which lived in Central Asia, were a civilized people; and that their religion was that of the Vedas. They had chariots, horses, ships, boats, towns and fortified places before the separation took place. They were therefore not nomads. Max Muller adds that the younger branch left first and emigrated into Europe ….the oldest quitted its ancestral abode last of all, for a new home in India. The inference to be drawn, then, is that the old home was abandoned by every soul, and left to become a dreary and a desolate place as we now find it…the efforts of philology….can hardly succeed in metamorphosing a vague theory into real Simon Pure, but must remain as they are – a hollow farce.” (306 – 307). 

In his opinion, the whole Aryan invasion theory was “nothing but a varnished tale ..utterly undeserving of the name of traditional history." (305). 

Similar misgivings were voiced in 1901 by one Aghorechandra Chattopadhyaya in Calcutta. In his book, one can sense the author seriously struggling to make sense of the conclusions of Western scholarship, yet unable to conceal his own bewilderment at the theories that he was encountering: 

“Whatever might be the credibility the scholars are blessed with, we can hardly reconcile ourselves with such an easy faith on a manner like this.” Commenting on the spectacular achievements of the sub branches of the Indo-European family, such as the Vedic Indians, Greeks, Romans, and Persians, he wondered, with remarkable acumen for his time and sources, how the main trunk of the Indo-European tree could have produced such conspicuous fruits that survived for millennia, and yet leave no trace of itself: 

“While the major branches of the main trunk gathered strength, looked healthy, and spread far and wide, the latter, at the same time, withered, shriveled, and failed to show any indication of life and vitality and disappeared from sight and was lost for ever without leaving any trace or mark that might lead to its identification, nor could nay fossil remains of it be detected or found out, so that it could be inferred that such a society in such a stage of development existed at one time, on the surface of the earth…A story so imperfect in every important respect is put forward seriously for people to believe in and accept as an authentic account of the ancient history of the Indo-European race.” (59). 

Chattopadhyaya also struggles to make sense of what appeared to him to be the contradictory proposals that the Indo-Europeans were wandering nomads and yet were held to have originated from a specific abode, and that they were primitive tribesmen and yet were able to formulate and utilize a language as intricate and complex as Indo-European. 

The first prominent notes of discord between traditional exegesis and Western scholarship was sounded because of the lack of explicit mention, in the Vedic texts, of a foreign homeland of the Aryan people. This conspicuous silence was noted even by 19^th century Western scholars (eg. Elphinstone 1841).This absence of any mention of external Aryan origins in traditional Sanskrit sources is, to this day, perhaps the single most prominent objection raised by scholars claiming indigenous origins of the Aryan culture.   

The Vedas themselves make no mention of any Aryan invasion or immigration reveals a major epistemological concern in this debate.

Srinvas Iyengar in 1914, was not convinced of this theory: 

“One solitary word anasa applied to the Dasyu has been quoted by…Max Muller…among numerous writers, to prove that the Dasyus were a flat nosed people, and that, therefore, by contrast, the Aryas were straight-nosed. Indian commentators have explained this word to mean an-asa, mouthless, devoid of fair speech….to hang such a weight of inference as the invasion and conquest of India by the straight nosed Aryans on the solitary word anasa does certainly seem not a very reasonable procedure…”  

Lord Vishnu on the serpent of Infinity.

The Vedas themselves make no mention of any Aryan invasion or immigration reveals a major epistemological concern in this debate.  

"With all their orientation towards “culture” the Western Indologists positively dislike Hinduism when it stands up to defend itself. They prefer museum Hinduism, or an innocent Gandhian kind of Hinduism, and they readily buy the secularist story that an assertive Hinduism is not the “real Hinduism”.

Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge

(source: Ayodhya and After: Issues Before Hindu Society - By Koenraad Elst  p 83).

***

Iyengar is equally unimpressed by the racial interpretations of other passages in the Veda that had been given by Western scholars.  

“The only other trace of racial reference in the Vedic hymns is the occurrence of two words, one Krishna in seven passages and the other asikini in two passages. One of the meanings of these two words is “black”, but in all the passages, the words have been interpreted as referring to black demons, black clouds, a demon whose name is Krishna, or the powers of darkness. Hence to take this as evidence to prove that the invading Aryans were fair-complexioned as they referred to their demon foes or perhaps human enemies as black is again to stretch many points on behalf of a preconceived theory.” (6-7). 

Iyengar makes some more penetrating and well researched arguments: 

“The word…Arya occurs about 33 times (in the Rig Veda)…the word Dasa occurs about 50 times and Dasyu about 70 times…The word Arya occurs 22 times in hymns to Indra and 6 times in hymns to Agni, and Dasa 50 times in hymns to Indra and twice in hymns to Agni and Dasyu 50 times to Indra and 9 times to hymns to Agni. This constant association of these words with Indra clearly proves that Arya meant a worshipper of Indra (and Agni)…The Aryas offered oblations to Indra…The Dasyus or Dasas were those who opposed to the Indra Agni cult and are explicitly described thus in those passages where human Dasyus are clearly meant. They are avrata without (the Arya) rites, anyavrata of different rites, ayajavana, non-sacrifices, abrahma without prayers, also not having Brahmana priests, anrichah, without Riks, brahmadvisha, haters of prayers of Brhamnans, and anindra without Indra, despisers of Indra. They pour no milky draughts, they heat no cauldron. They give no gifts to the Brahmana…Their worship was but enchantment, sorcery, unlike the sacred law of fire-worship, wiles and magic. In all this we hear but the echo of war of rite with rite, cult with cult and not one of race with race.” (5-6). 

Others have voiced just as penetrating critiques: 

Bhupendranath Datta, in Vedic Funeral Customs and Indus Valley, part I and 2, Man in India writes: 

“In the attempt to ransack the latter-day Sanskrit text for proofs of Nordic characteristics…we forget that if in latter day Sanskrit texts sentences such as “Gaura (white, yellowish),…pingala (reddish, brown, tawny, golden), kapikesa (brown or tawny hair)” are to be found in Patanjali’s Mahabhasya (v.1. 115) and if Manu has said that a Brahmana should not marry a girl with pingala hair (38) there are other sentences in previous ages which contradict the strength of these characteristics. But with the help of these two sentences attempt is being made to prove the existence of Nordic characteristics amongst the Indian people….The God Rudra is described to have possessed golden hair…yet we cannot make a Nordic Viking out of him, and he had brown-hued skin-color and golden-colored arm….Surely we cannot take the god Rudra as a specimen of race miscegenation…we beg to sate that these allegories should be accepted as poetic fancies. They cannot be used as scientific data, for the anthropological purpose. (Datta 1936. 248 – 252). 

Interestingly, almost a full century after Indian scholars started objecting to the racial interpretations imposed on the Arya-Dasa dichotomy, Western scholars have recently also started drawing attention to 19^th century philological excesses. Michael Witzel comments on the same term that “while it would be easy to assume reference to skin color, this would go against the spirit of the hymns: for the Vedic poets, black always signifies evil, and any other meaning would be secondary in these contexts.” 

(source: The Quest for the Origin of Vedic Culture - By Edwin F Bryant  p. 51 – 62). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

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Indological MaCarthyism

"You cannot be proud of a heritage you know nothing about, and in the name of secularism, we have spent 50 years in total denial of the Hindu roots of this civilisation. We have done nothing to change a colonial system of mass education founded on the principle that Indian civilisation had nothing to offer." 

"As for me I would like to state clearly that I believe that the Indic religions have made much less trouble for the world than the Semitic ones and that Hindu civilisation is something I am very proud of."

                                      - writes Indian columnist Tavleen Singh - The Indian Express June 13, 2004. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

***

There is a great tendency in the Western academia to stereotype any reconsideration of ancient Indian history as nationalist or communal. It is erroneous to lump it into a simplistic, hastily identified and easily demonized Hindutva category.  

Anybody who challenges the long held assumptions pertaining to the Indo-Aryans is instantly dubbed as a fundamentalist or nationalist or accused of contributing to Nazi agendas.  

Blanket stereotypification of the Aryan debate with Hindu nationalism is great annoyance with most Hindu scholars. Any one attempting to question this established paradigm is in danger of being dubbed a Nazi.  

Dilip Chakrabarti, author of Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Pasthas nothing but scorn for the Indian intellectual elite who “fail to see the need of going beyond the dimensions of colonial Indology, because these dimensions suit them fine and keep them in power. In his view, “as the Indian historians became increasingly concerned with the large number of grants, scholarships, fellowships and even occasional jobs to be won in Western universities, there was a scramble for new respectability to be gained by toeing the Western line of thinking about India and Indian history.” The result is that “institutions on the national level have to be ‘captured’ and filled up with stooges of various kinds,” and making the right kind of political noises is important for historians.” 

Chakrabati has also said: 

“We have no hesitation in asserting that the “Nigger Question” is in various forms still very much a part of the Indological scene. Right from the patronizing comments on “Babu English” to wry remarks on Indian nationalism for refusing to accept the idea of Greek and other extraneous origins of some of the crucial traits of Indian culture, the Western Indological literature has been consistent in viewing the general Indian scholarship in the manner as an inferior product…Some Indians’ refusal to acknowledge the veracity of Aryan invasion of India is interpreted by Western Indologists as misdirected symptoms of “north Indian nationalism.” (114).

He further comments:

“Rumblings against some of the premises of Western Indology have been heard from time time, but such rumblings generally emerged in uninfluential quarters, and in the context of Indian historical studies this would mean people without control of the major national historical organizations, i.e. people who can easily be fobbed off as “fundamentalists” of some kind, mere dhotiwalas of no intellectual consequence. “ (3).

Arun Shourie (1941- ) is a Rajya Sabha member and among India's best known commentators on current and political affairs. His writings are backed by rigorous analysis and meticulous research. He  has remarked about the Marxist influence as well as the corruption of the “leftist” school of historians in India: 

“They have made India out to have been an empty-land filled with successive invaders. They have made present-day India and Hinduism even more so, out to be a zoo-an agglomeration of assorted, disparate specimens. No such thing as “India,” just a geographical expression, just a construct of the British; no such thing as Hinduism, just a word used by the Arabs to describe the assortment they encountered, just an invention of the communals to impose a uniformity – that has been their stance. For this they have blackened the Hindu period of our history, and, as we shall see, strained to whitewash the Islamic period…

"These intellectuals and their patrons have worked a diabolic inversion; the inclusive religion, the pluralist spiritual search of our people and land, they have projected as intolerant, narrow-minded, obscurantist; and the exclusivist, totalitarian, revelatory religions and ideologies – Islam, Christianity, Marxism-Leninism – they have made out to be the epitome of tolerance, open-mindedness, democracy and secularism." 

They have been able to work all this mischief “because of the control they have come to acquire over institutions. Shourie lists, to the rupee, the considerable resources that have been pocketed by the “leftist” historians during their tenure in the ICHR, ostensibly for contributions toward such enterprises as the multivolume Towards Freedom Project, almost none of which has seen the light of day despite the lapse of years.  

(source: The Quest for the Origin of Vedic Culture - By Edwin F Bryant  p.   267 - 286). Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Refer to Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress - By Howard Zinn .

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Race, Religion and Philology in the 19^th Century 

Jean-Pierre Vernant (1914 -  )  Professor Emeritus of Comparative Study of Religions at the Collège de France in Paris, has observed: 

“As scholars established the disciplines of Semitic and Indo-European studies, they also invented the mythical figures of the Hebrew and the Aryan, a providential pair which, by revealing to the people of the Christianized West the secret of their identity, also bestowed upon them the patent of nobility that justified their spiritual, religious, and political domination of the world.  

"Behind these projections, we cannot today fail to see looming in the background the dark silhouette of the death camps and the rising smoke of the ovens.” 

***

The Indo-European languages clearly had a separate line of descent from the biblical tongues, the practitioners of the new science of philology (many of whom had received their linguistic training from the Church) turned their scholarship to the task of justifying the ascendance of European Christianity to the principal role in Providential history. 

To accomplish this they invented a pair of concepts – Aryan and Semitic – that by the end of the century had embarked on ideological and political careers far outside philology. Supposed characteristics of the respective languages were assigned to the peoples who spoke them: thus the Semitic peoples (primarily the Jews) were, like their language, passive, static and immobile, while the Aryans (principally Western Europeans) became the active, dynamic Chosen People of the future. 

Philology the comparative study of language – left an indelible mark on Western visions of history and contributed directly to some to the most horrifying ideologies of the 20^th century.    

Adan and Eve by Lucas Cranach.

Western Christendom thus had an enigmatic ancestry. Aryan in its linguistic system and Semitic in its religious faith. To resolve this ambiguity, Ernest Renan cast his lot with those who, having delivered Jesus from Judaism, "aryanized" Christ.

Watch Scientific verification of Vedic knowledge. Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel videoWatch The Saraswati River - youtube.com. Refer to Be wary of English translations of Hindu scriptures - By Sheena Patel

***

The discovery of Indo-European caused a furor that extended well beyond the discipline of comparative philology. All the human sciences, from history to mythology, and soon to include “racial science”, were affected by the discovery of a tongue that was known not only as Indo-European but also as Aryan. One of the leading promoters of the Aryan theories, Friedrich Max Muller (11823 – 1000) described the inception of his discipline as the starting point for a new science of human origins. 

Sanskrit, the language of the Vedas fired the imagination of scholars driven by romantic curiosity about prehistoric times. Other scholars hoped to infuse new Aryan life into Christianity that had suffered much at the hands of the Enlightenment and Revolution. 

In the works of Ernest Renan, Adolphe Pictet (1799 - 1875) Friedrich Max Muller, and Rudolph Friedrich Grau, Christ remained a central figure in the conceptualization of Indo-European civilization. The new religious sciences attempted to treat all religions in the same way and yet to impose a Christian providential meaning on the new comparative order. The cataloging of peoples and faith reflected the belief that history was moving in a Christian direction.  An old Hebrew text provided one of Western Christendom's founding myths. God, his face shrouded in eternity, created the world in six days simply by breathing the syllables of certain words in a language that dispelled chaos. In the Garden of Eden man in turn used language to name every one of Gods' creatures (Genesis 2:19 - 20). The story of Genesis is thus the story of language in action - first the language of God, then the language in action - first the language of God, then the language of man.

This rediscovered Aryan territory became the primitive homeland of Western man in search of legitimation.  

Ernest Renan (1823 - 1892) was a French philosopher and writer. In his own lifetime, Renan was best known as the author of the hugely popular Vie de Jésus (Life of Jesus).

He was convinced that we are “haunted by our origins” and that the Christian who seek to understand his origins must come to terms with Hebrew. 

"The Jews may have introduced humanity to “a religion substantially superior to that of the Aryans, but the Vedas remain “the key to our origins, the primitive revelation of our ancestors, to which our conversion to Jewish ideas should not make us indifferent.”

Thus “the Bible thus bore fruits that were not its own. Judaism was the stock on which the Aryan race produced its flower.” “Christianity is, as a matter of fact, the religion of the civilized peoples. Every nation admits this in one way or another, depending on its level of intellectual culture.”

(source: The Language of Paradise: Race, Religion and Philology in the 19^th Century  – By Maurice Olender  p. x - 140).

***

Human Zoos - Racists Theme parks to Europe's Colonists?
Whither Liberty, Equality and Fraternity? Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 1789?

Ethiopian Emperor Tewodros II (1818 - 1868) said shortly before he was defeated by a British invasion and committed suicide:

"I know their game, First traders and missionaries, then ambassadors, then the cannon. It's better to get straight to the cannon."

Racists Theme parks to Europe's Colonists

Ota Benga (1881- 1916) A Congolese pygmy shared a cage with an orangutan in the Bronx Zoo as late as 1906. 

Age, 23 years. Height, 4 feet 11 inches. Weight, 103 pounds. Brought from the Kasai River, Congo Free State, South Central Africa , by Dr. Samuel P. Verner. Exhibited each afternoon during September.  

There was an Australian aborigine in London Zoo in the 19th century.

Christian Love? Whither Human Rights and Human Dignity?  

The belief of European Christians that other races were inferior, led to colonization and large scale abuse. Both Catholic and Protestant Churches encouraged colonialism. 

Clearly, the exhibition of Africans in European zoos helped to convince the spectators that they were members of a superior race with a superior culture.

Christianity gave the world the Inquisition, Witchcraft, Slavery, Colonialism, Two World Wars - another is waiting to happen… Islam has given Conquest, Terrorism, and Jihad. Both are today tied in deadly embrace over the globe for supremacy. In spite of this record the sheer audacity of Western Intellectuals/Politicians and Christian missionaries to lecture India on the abuse of the caste system is mind boggling.

Refer to Victims of Christian Faith and Christianity's Criminal History - By Karlheinz Deschner.

***

The belief of European Christians that other races were inferior, led to colonisation and large scale abuse. The extirpation of native peoples in the Americas , in Australasia , and elsewhere around the world was of little consequence since these peoples were only pagans and might not even possess souls. They were slaves by nature. God had made them like that. Christian scholars and pseudo-scientists concurred. Sample non-Christians were kept in western Human zoos - Racist theme parks for Europe ’s colonists in the nineteenth century. There was an Australian aborigine in London Zoo. 

A Congolese pygmy named Ota Benga (1881- 1916) shared a cage with an orang-utan in the Bronx Zoo as late as 1906 .

Colonisation by European powers was seen as a God given opportunity for spreading the gospel to the heathen. It was a Christian duty, even when it led to the deaths of millions. God encouraged colonisation. He showed the way. He spoke to churchmen. He cleared the path for colonialists. His Churches were keen to convert or replace native heathen populations. Both Catholic and Protestant Churches encouraged colonialism. Typically, in Africa , missionaries would advance into new territories. Sooner or later they would sow discord, encouraging rebellion against unsympathetic local rulers. When bloodshed followed the Churches would appeal to European governments to intervene, and another territory would be annexed. This process seems to have accounted for more than half of the European colonies in Africa . Churches were often guilty of complicity in massacres and atrocities resulting from colonial policy. For example King Leopold was granted control of the Congo in 1885 explicitly to bring Christianity to the benighted heathen. The atrocities perpetrated by his government in the Belgian Congo - the extensive use of slave labour and assorted murderous practices - were first concealed, then minimised by the Roman Church.  Colonization was regarded by almost all Christians as wholly good, divinely sanctioned and necessary, well into the twentieth century.

African intellectuals who criticized the European clichés in the twenties and thirties made several arguments. (1) European conquest itself was barbaric . There was wide agreement about the barbarism of the “civilizing hordes”, from the West African essayist Tovalou Houénou to Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore ….

On A Neglected Aspect Of Western Racism

For more than half a century - from the beginning of the 1870s to the end of the 1930s - the exposition of so-called exotic peoples in zoological gardens and international expositions attracted a huge public eager to be fascinated by the unfamiliar and the unknown. Throughout Western Europe travelling exhibits of non-European natives were recurring features of zoological gardens where they eclipsed the drawing power of the more usual animal exhibits. Both exhibits were isolated by fences that variously protected sometimes the animals and more often the public; but in the cases of the human exhibits the main purpose of the fences seems to have been to stress the distinction between them and us. All explanations had one common goal: to provide conclusive evidence for the inherent superiority of the victors. The "human zoos" became one piece of evidence in the search for that goal. In addition they were seen as providing evidence for the then familiar family tree that illustrated man's origins from monkeys and apes, through various stages of development, to the Europeans at the top of the tree. Clearly, the exhibition of Africans in European zoos helped to convince the spectators that they were members of a superior race with a superior culture.

(source: Christianity, Apartheid and Racialism - heretication.info and The parade of the vanquished and On A Neglected Aspect Of Western Racism – By  Kurt Jonassohn.  

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Colonial Indology - Acceptance of A Racist Theory

"The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice"  

- Mark Twain author of Following the Equator.  

***

It is gratifying to note that people like Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghosh, Dadabhai Naoroji and Dr. B R Ambedkar did not have appetite for racial theories, because, as Naoroji put it, they were unrealistic and often used to prove the inferiority of Asians. 

One does not grudge the British rulers of India their policy, but one may justifiably ask why such racist theory was accepted, some oppositions notwithstanding, by all and sundry not merely among the Indian masses but also among most of the professional historians and archaeologists till today. The roots of Hindu bigotry do not lie in the glorification of ancient India but in the historical acceptance of a demeaning racist theory which equated the history of ancient India to that of Aryan colonization. 

Only one among our great political leaders saw through the hollowness of the Aryan theory. In his book, Who were the Shudras? In 1946 B R Ambedkar devoted a complete chapter – Shudras versus Aryans – to examine the issue. Citing extensively the Vedic sources which suggest that the distinction between an Arya and Dasa/Dasyu was not racial distinction of color and physiognomy and thus the origin of Sudra could not have anything to do with race, Ambedkar stated the following: 

“That the theory of the Aryan race set up by Western writers fails to the ground at every point goes without saying….Anyone who comes to scrutinize the theory will find that it suffers from a ‘double infection.’ In the first place, the theory is based on nothing but pleasing assumptions and the inferences based on such assumptions. In the second place, the theory is a perversion of scientific investigation. It is not allowed to evolve out of facts. On the contrary the theory is preconceived and facts are selected to prove it. (Ambedkar 1970 73 – 73). 

Dr. Ambedkar was aware of the hold of this theory over the masses and scholars alike. He offered a succinct explanation. 

“The Aryan race theory is so absurd that it ought to have been dead long ago. But far from being dead, the theory has a considerable hold upon the people. There are two explanations which account for this phenomenon. The first explanation is to be found in the support which the theory receives from the Brahmin scholars. This is a very strange phenomenon. As Hindus, they should ordinarily show a dislike for the Aryan theory with its express avowal of the superiority of the European races over the Asiatic races. But the Brahmin scholar has not only no such aversion but he most willingly hails. The reason are obvious. The Brahmin believes in the two-nation theory. He claims to be the representative of the Aryan race and he regards the rest of the Hindus as descendants of the non-Aryans. The theory helps him to establish his kinship with the European races and share their arrogance and superiority. He like particularly that part of the theory which makes the Aryan invader and conqueror of the non-Aryan native races. For it helps him to maintain and justify his overlordship over the non-Brahmins."

"The second explanation why the Aryan race theory is not dead because of the general insistence by the European scholars that the word varna means color and the acceptance of that view by a majority of the Brahmin scholars. Indeed, this is the mainstay of the Aryan theory. "

Dr. Amdedkar could clearly see the implications of such ill-founded hypotheses which colonial Indology imposed on India and which Indian scholars went on repeating ad nauseam.  

(source: Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Past - By Dilip K. Chakrabarti  p. 226 - 228). For more on Western Biased Scholarship, refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism. Refer to The Dangers of Aryan Invasion Theory - BBC.  Refer to The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalistic Ideas in Europe - By Leon Poliakov and The Myth of Aryan Invasion of India - By M L Goel

A. K. (Anthony Kennedy) Warder is a scholar of Indology, mostly in Buddhist studies and related fields, such as the Pāli and Sanskrit languages. He has written 15 books and numerous articles. He currently holds the title of Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit in the School of East Asian Studies in the University of Toronto. Writing years after Independence, he notes: 

“The standard imperialist version of Indian history, worked out during the colonial period, is now, most remarkably, taken for granted among modern Indian historians of almost all persuasions, not least among them the ‘Marxists’ (who in this respect remain Hegelians; S. A. Dange is an honourable exception), as well as among academic historians in all other countries, again regardless of political persuasions.”

(source: Contending paradigms of Indian history: Did India lack historical agency? - By Shivaji Singh).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

The Imperialist History of India
A Mythical India?

What is the gist of this British imperialist-tailored Indian history? 

In this history, India is portrayed as the land “conquered” first by the ‘Dravidians’, then by the ‘Aryans’, later by Muslims, and finally by the British. Otherwise, everything else is mythical. Our history books today exhibit this obsession with foreign rule. 

For example, even though the Mughal rule from Akbar to Aurangzeb is about 150 years, which is much shorter than the 350 year rule of the Vijayanagaram empire, the history books of today hardly take notice of the latter. In fact the territory under Krishna Devaraya’s rule was much larger than Akbar’s, and yet it is the latter who is called “the Great”. Such a version suited the British rules who had sought to create a legitimacy for their presence in India.  

Furthermore, we were also made to see advantages accruing from British rule, the primary one being that India was united by this colonialism, and that but for the British, India would never have been one country.  Thus, the concept of India itself is owed to the plunder of colonialists. On the contrary, there was always as India which from north to south, thought of fundamentally as one country.  Just as Hinduism exists from ancient days despite a lack of a Church, Book, or Pope, Hindustan too existed from time immemorial but without the parameters of a modern state. The invading Muslims and the British on the contrary tried to disrupt that unity by destroying the traditional communication channels and educational structures.

It is this foreign version that makes us out to be foreigners in our own land. The Aryan-Dravidian divide in the history taught in schools and universities is purely a conception of foreign historians like Max Mueller and has no basis in Indian historical records. This fraudulent history had been lapped up by north Indians, and by south Indian Brahmins, as their racial passport to Europe. Such was the demoralization of the Hindu mind, which we have to shake off through a new factual account of our past.

The accepted history of no country can however be structured on foreign accounts of it. But Nehru and his Leftist cronies did just that, and thus generations of Indians have been brainwashed by this falsified history of India.  The time has come for us to take seriously our Puranic sources and to re-construct a realistic well-founded history of ancient India, a history written by Indians about Indians. Such a history should bring out the amazing continuity of a Hindu nation which asserts its identity again and again. It should focus on the fact that at the centre of our political thought is the concept of the Chakravartin ideal – to defend  the nation from external aggression while giving maximum internal autonomy to the janapadas.  A correct, defalsified history would record that Hindustan was one nation in the art of governance, in the style of royal courts, in the methods of warfare, in the maintenance of its agrarian base, and in the dissemination of information. Sanskrit was the language of national communication and discourse. In particular, it was not Hindu submission as alleged by JNU historians that was responsible for our subjugation but lack of unity and effective military strategy.

(source: Fraudulent history of India - By Dr. Subramanian Swamy - indianrealist.com and Falsification of Chronology in India’s History - By Dr. Subramaniam Swamy - indiarealist.com).  Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Indians as Inferior Race?  Racism in British India.

Lord Mayo (1822 - 1872) declared, "We are all British gentlemen engaged in the magnificent work of governing an inferior race in India."

(Note: The legacy of Western civilization to the world - Dark Ages, Crusades, The Inquisition, Witch Hunt, Slavery, Colonization of Africa, Asia, America and Australia, Imperialism, World Wars, Holocaust, Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Conversion and destruction of Native cultures to Christianity, Drugs, School shootings in American schools, Gun violence, Racism, Clergy sex Abuse, Viagra spamming American Capitalism, quest for individualism, Iraq war …. ). 

For Cruelty inflicted by Christianity - Watch Constantine's Sword movie - By Oren Jacoby

(image source: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj - By David Gilmour). 

To undermine the corporate Hindu identity the theory was first concocted by the British Imperialists and then taught for decades after Independence to captive students by Romila Thapar and her cohorts.

Watch Lost / Submerged city of Dwaraka – The Learning Channel video. Watch video Hinduism - By Hindu American Foundation. Refer to What Every "Ugly American" Must Know about the "Civilized British - www.larouchepac.com. For more refer to European Imperialism and Holy warriors in the US armed forces and Christian embassy and Officers Christian fellowship and Ambassadors for Christian Dominion in Uniform.

***

Eurocentrism and History of India

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) first prime minister of free India, was more than a deeply moral human being. He yearned for spiritual light. He was particularly drawn to Swami Vivekananda and the Sri Ramakrishna Ashram. The Upanishads fascinated him.

Regarding Euro centrism, he wrote in his book The Discovery of India:  

"Till recently many European thinkers imagined that everything that was worthwhile had its origins in Greece or Rome."

Nehru has lamented: 

"How few of us know of these great achievements of our past, how few realize that if India was great in thought and philosophy, she was equally great in action. Most westerners still imagine ancient history is largely concerned with the Mediterranean countries, and medieval and modern history is dominated by the quarrelsome little continent of Europe."

Euro centrism attributes historical superiority or priority to Europeans over all others. The fundamental assumption that progress is somehow permanent and natural in the European part of the world but not elsewhere, and progress elsewhere is mainly the result of the diffusion of innovative ideas and products from Europe and Europeans. 

For more on Eurocentrism refer to chapter on Glimpses XIV.  Refer to chapter on First Indologists and European Imperialism and Suvarnabhumi. Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser.

Refer to QuickTime trailer and Part One of the film The God Awful Truth and Watch An Invasion through Conversion - videoyahoo.com. Refer to A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom - By Andrew Dickinson White - umich.edu. Watch Sex crimes and the Vatican - videogoogle.com.

Common genetic traits - Aryan theory demolished
Time to give this theory a decent burial now in our school history books?

An international team of genetic scientists has ruled out the theory of Aryan invasion of the Indian sub-continent.

“The age old argument that there was an Aryan invasion of the sub-continent is simply bunkum.

Scientific studies prove that there is no such thing as Aryan Indian or Dravidian Indian. Genetic high resolution studies carried out by us prove that all Indians are derived from same grandgrand parents who arrived here 60,000-70,000 years ago from Africa ,” Dr Gyaneshwer Chaubey, a scientist of the team, told Deccan Chronicle.

Dr Chaubey, a member of the scientific community at the Instituteof Molecular an d Cell Biology, University of Tartu , Estonia , said the research also proved that all Indians had common genetic traits irrespective of the regions to which they belonged.

“It took us four years to complete the study and we analysed 12,200 samples to reach this conclusion,” said Dr Chaubey.

“Genetic studies help us to establish relations between populations. We focussed on the paternal (Y chromosomes) and maternal DNA genealogies. The data which we generated does not support any major influx to the subcontinent other than the earlier arrival of migrants from Africa ,” he said.

“The present day caste/creed/religion is of indigenous origin,” said Dr Chaubey.

(source: Common genetic traits - Aryan theory demolished and Aryan theory demolished).

Agenda driven theory

Michael Wood (1948 - ) British broadcaster and historian, has done some great documentaries in the past - India: Empire of the Spirit and Barbarian West. However in his new PBS series – Story of India he reiterates the myth of Aryan Invasion and Dravidians as the original settlers of India in spite of the mounting evidence against it. 

A US-based Hindu advocacy group has taken strong objection to historian Michael Wood's documentary ‘The Story of India,’ being telecast on public television, describing its presentation of the Aryan Migration Theory (AMT) as ‘agenda driven.’ Rejecting the theory, the Hindu American Foundation (HAF) said India has always been the cradle of Hindu civilization and there is no debate about it.

"This theory, that is not supported by archaeological evidence, was first posited by European Indologists and British colonialists, eventually finding support from a section of India's politically motivated linguists and historians such as Romila Thapar, and famously, controversial Harvard linguist, Michael Witzel," she said.

This theory, the HAF believes, is ‘agenda-driven’. In his documentary, HAF says, Wood holds that the early Hindu practice of worshipping devas, or demigods representing elements, ‘somehow implies that these practices were imported from Central Asia.’ "There is no debate that India was always the cradle of Hindu civilisation, and the Vedas, the Hindu's holiest scriptures, are the recorded history of our ancestors," said Suhag Shukla, HAF's Managing Director.  The AMT is reviled by many Hindus, he said, due to its implicit proposition that a tribe of ‘Aryans’ migrated into the Indian subcontinent, subjugated an indigenous people dispersing them to South India and established a caste system where the highest castes are comprised of ‘Aryans’ in an ethno-religious apartheid system. This ‘explosive theory’ that narrates that Aryans were only the first colonizers -- followed by Greeks, Mongols, Turks, Persians -- was used by European historians to justify the last foreign claim on India, the British Raj, he added. However, he asserted, it is the latest genetic evidence, based on chromosomal and DNA analysis, that scientists believe definitively discredits the AMT.

(source: Hindu group in America objects to ‘The Story of India’ - expressindia.com). Refer to Communist Historians: The Enemy Within – By Yvette Rosser. For more refer to chapter on Glimpses XXII